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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a radio-frequency discharge used for downstream plasma oxidation of Si (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1690-1695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently it has been shown that high-quality SiO2 films can be grown on (100) Si downstream of a radio-frequency rf He/O2 discharge using a two-step process: plasma oxidation followed by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition [T. Yasuda, Y. Ma, S. Habermehl, and G. Lucovksy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, 1844 (1992)]. The plasma oxidation is examined. For such a discharge the spatial distribution of atomic oxygen, the species held to be the oxidant, is calculated and it is found to be quite uniform for pressures below 0.5 Torr, with He:O2 ratios of 10:1, and glass walls. The distribution is nonuniform for clean stainless-steel chamber walls. By emission spectroscopy the downstream extension of the discharge is found to be appreciable, and sensitive to rf power, gas pressure, and the location of ground electrodes. It is concluded that the role of ion bombardment in plasma oxidation by this process should be further investigated. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358859
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-brightness blue and green light-emitting diodes (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report high-brightness blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on II–VI heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on ZnSe substrates. The devices consist of a 2–3 μm thick layer of n-type ZnSe:Cl, a ∼0.1 μm thick active region of Zn0.9Cd0.1Se (blue) or ZnTe0.1Se0.9 (green), and a 1.0 μm thick p-type ZnSe:N layer. The blue LEDs produce 327 μW (10 mA, 3.2 V), with the light output sharply peaked at 489 nm, and exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 1.3%. The green LEDs produce 1.3 mW (10 mA, 3.2 V) peaked at 512 nm, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 5.3%. In terms of photometric units, the luminous performance (luminous efficiency) of the devices is 1.6 lm/W (blue) and 17 lm/W (green), respectively, when operated at 10 mA. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113534
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Momentum creation by vortices in superfluid 3 He as a model of primordial baryogenesis (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To explain the creation of matter in the early Universe we begin by recalling the relationship E2 = mc4 + p2(? between energy E and momentum p for relativistic particles with rest mass m0 (c is the velocity of light). Dirac realized that the square root of this equation, E= ± (m20c4 +pV)i ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386689a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transmission and effects of Wolbachia bacteria in parasitoids (1999)
    Springer
    Population ecology 41 (1999), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-5613
    Keywords: Key words Parasite ; Parthenogenesis ; Cytoplasmic incompatibility ; Horizontal transmission ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wolbachia bacteria are obligatory intracellular parasites of arthropods and have been detected in about 70 species of parasitic wasps and three parasitoid flies. Wolbachia are transmitted cytoplasmically (maternally) and modify host reproduction in different ways to enhance their own transmission: parthenogenesis induction (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), or feminization (F) of genetic males. Only PI and CI are known in parasitoids. PI-Wolbachia cause thelytoky in otherwise arrhenotokous parasitoids by generating diploid (rather than haploid) unfertilized wasp eggs. CI-Wolbachia cause incompatibility of crosses between infected males and uninfected females because the paternally derived chromosomes fail to decondense and are destroyed after syngamy. More complex situations arise when hosts harbor multiple infections, which can lead to bidirectional incompatibility and may be involved in parasitoid speciation. The relative fitness of infected and uninfected hosts is important to the population dynamics of Wolbachia, and more data are needed. Evolutionary conflict should be common between host genes, Wolbachia genes, and other "selfish" genetic elements. Wolbachia-specific PCR primers are now available for several genes with different rates of evolution. These primers will permit rapid screening in future studies of spatial and temporal patterns of single and multiple infection. Molecular phylogenies show that CI- and PI-Wolbachia do not form discrete clades. In combination with experimental transfection data, this result suggests that host reproductive alterations depend on the interaction between attributes of both Wolbachia and host. Moreover, Wolbachia isolates from closely related hosts do not usually cluster together, and phylogenies suggest that Wolbachia may have radiated after their arthropod hosts. Both results support considerable horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between host species over evolutionary time. Natural horizontal transmisson between parasitoids and their hosts, or with entomoparasitic nematodes or ectoparasitic mites, remains a tantalizing but equivocal possibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011978
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortex Mutual Friction in Superfluid 3He (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 109 (1997), S. 423-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We give a full account of our extensive measurements of vortex mutual friction in rotating superfluid 3He, in both the A- and B-phases. The B-phase results are in qualitative agreement with a theory based on the concept of “spectral flow”; the agreement becomes quantitative if an effective energy gap of 0.63 Δ is used, but the Justification for such a substitution is not clear. The vortex core transition, at first not seen because of metastability and hysteresis, has now been observed. Detailed investigation suggests that the high temperature vortex state is a temperature dependent mixture of at least two vortex types. The A-phase mutual friction is found to be well described by two hydrodynamic coefficients, the orbital viscosity and the orbital inertia. The latter corresponds to an orbital angular momentum per Cooper pair of (0.0015 ± 0.0017 ) ħ, consistent with the prediction of the spectral flow theory. We find that the most uniform l texture is obtained by cooling through Tc while rotating, and then stopping rotation. Detailed investigation of textural memory effects shows that the uniform l-up and l-down textures are associated with opposite directions of rotation. We discuss the various types of texture that may be formed in our experiments. Finally, we compare our mutual friction results with those found in 4HeII.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-005-0095-z
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vortex mutual friction in superfluid3He (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 109 (1997), S. 423-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We give a full account of our extensive measurements of vortex mutual friction in rotating superfluid3He, in both the A- and B-phases. The B-phase results are in qualitative agreement with a theory based on the concept of “spectral flow”; the agreement becomes quantitative if an effective energy gap of 0.63Δ is used, but the justification for such a subtitution is not clear. The vortex core transition, at first not seen because of metastability and hysteresis, has now been observed. Detailed investigation suggests that the high temperature vortex state is a temperature dependent mixture of least two vortex types. The A-phase mutual friction is found to be well described by two hydrodynamic coefficients, the orbital viscosity and the orbital inertia. The latter corresponds to an orbital angular momentum per Cooper pair of (0.0015±0.0017) h, consistent with the prediction of the spectral flow theory. We find that the most uniforml texture is obtained by cooling through Tc while rotating, and then stopping rotation. Detailed investigation of textural memory effects shows that the uniforml-up andl-down textures are associated with opposite directions of rotation. We discuss the various types of texture that may be formed in our experiments. Finally, we compare our mutual friction results with those found in4Hell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396905
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Ceralure and Trimedlure Controlled-Release Formulations for Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies in C&C Traps (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1305-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) ; medfly ; trimedlure ; ceralure ; attractant ; panel ; C&C traps ; TNO panels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ceralure or trimedlure polymeric TNO panels in C&C traps were compared for attractancy by the capture of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This study contrasts the effectiveness of ceralure with trimedlure, the former of which is an iodo-analog of trimedlure. Field tests in Hawaii with released flies showed that the active ceralure B1 isomer in a commercial mixture of ceralure isomers consistently caught as many male flies as active trimedlure C isomer in a commercial mixture of trimedlure isomers at one-half the molar quantity of trimedlure C. These panels caught 6.4 and 5.2 times, for ceralure and trimedlure, respectively, more than the standard 2 g trimedlure AgriSense aged plug over a 26-week period. The persistence of ceralure is demonstrated by residual analyses of aged panels that revealed the presence of 2.75 times more ceralure than trimedlure in panels after 130 days of field exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021270615153
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Controlled-Release Formulations for a New Trap Design for Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies: The C&C Trap (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1471-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; medfly ; C&C trap ; Jackson trap ; trimedlure ; ceralure ; attractant ; parapheromone ; panels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a major pest of fruits and vegetables in the world. With the help of an extensive trapping program, the continental United States has remained free of established medfly populations. In an effort to increase trapping efficiency, controlled-release polymeric panels with trimedlure and ceralure were developed in conjunction with the development of a new trap, the C&C trap. This study contrasts the effectiveness of different panel formulations with the standard trimedlure polymeric plug and describes the use of the panels in the C&C trap. Field tests in Hawaii using released sterile flies showed consistently higher male medfly catches with panels in C&C traps than with the standard trimedlure polymeric plug in Jackson traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006477.53579.ee
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Realising the Potential of Access Networks Using DSL (1998)
    Springer
    BT technology journal 16 (1998), S. 34-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1995
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides an overview of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology and describes some of the key technical issues facing BT's DSL engineering team. The factors which determine the theoretical information-carrying capacity of BT's access network cables are discussed to give the reader a feel for the potential of the existing access network to deliver broadband services. Transmission on this network will be subject to impairments which will limit the achievable capacity, and there is an urgent need to ensure that all DSL systems are spectrally compatible if the capacity of the network is to be fully realised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009631426770
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopic studies of the interaction between natural rubber and chlorinated natural rubber (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 445-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018595706297
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