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  • 1995-1999  (61)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy with absolute energy calibration for the determination of absorption edge energies (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 681-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The general characteristics and spectrometric features of a high resolution four-crystal reflection x-ray monochromator with wavelength analysis installed at the HASYLAB beam line L at DESY are presented. The monochromator is part of a spectrometer developed to calibrate x-ray absorption edge spectra in the energy range of 6–36 keV with a relative uncertainty ΔE/E from 10−5 to 10−6. This requires an extremely effective suppression of harmonics and also a negligible instrumental influence in order to obtain almost intrinsic spectra. As the results show, the monochromator fulfills the requirements, including very high stability. An example of the calibration procedure for the copper K edge is given as well as a comparison of the remeasured absorption edge energies with the previously tabulated data. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146657
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erbium luminescence in porous silicon doped from spin-on films (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2679-2683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Erbium photoluminescence at room temperature and at 77 K has been observed from porous silicon doped with erbium from a spin-on silica gel film. Erbium incorporation into silicon dioxide at the surface of porous silicon and rapid thermal processing at temperatures higher than 1223 K were found to be a necessary prerequisite for erbium-related luminescence in porous silicon. No erbium diffusion into monocrystalline silicon from the spin-on films was observed. The depth-dependent erbium concentration in the bulk of porous silicon was determined by secondary-neutral- and secondary-ion-mass spectrometry depth profiling. The laterally resolved erbium distribution in the porous silicon was derived from energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. Possible mechanisms of erbium-related luminescence in porous silicon are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358735
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman investigation of undoped, niobium-doped, and lanthanum-doped lead zirconate-titanate ceramics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5581-5591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a previous article, we proved and characterized a phase transition of an order-disorder type, below room temperature, in the Pb1−3X/2LaX(D'Alembertian)X/2(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (X=0.5–4 wt % La) ceramics. In the present article, the analysis of this order-disorder transition is continued on the basis of the comparative study of Raman scattering, as a function of the Nb or La dopant. The parallel analysis and the interpretation of the Raman spectra of the nondoped, Nb-doped, and La-doped Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 ceramics lead to new information concerning the identification of the vibrational modes involved. In addition, the correlation between the phase transitions and the nature of the dopants is established. New information concerning the cell doubling, during the ferroelectric low temperature to ferroelectric high temperature phase transition, is obtained as well. The Raman study of the lead-lanthanum zirconate-titanate ceramics allowed us to identify for the first time the so-called "antiferroelectric mode'' and "ferroelectric mode'' which had been theoretically predicted. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359680
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CsNbOB2O5: the Basic Structure Type of the Borates AMOB2O5 (A = K, Rb, Cs, Tl; M = Nb, Ta) (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1721-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270195002617
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The refinement of anisotropic Compton profiles and of momentum densities (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A very simple relationship between momentum density and the Fourier transform of the population matrix is derived, valid for the representation of the electronic structure of a solid in a given atom-like basis set. This expression allows for the direct refinement of experimental anisotropic Compton profiles: the parameters are the coupling coefficients between various atomic functions and adjustable constants describing the radial part of atomic functions. In the case of unfilled bands, the shape of the Fermi surface can be refined as well. A simple ionocovalent model is proposed for LiH crystals, for which many anisotropic Compton profiles have been measured. The result of the refinement is very satisfactory, leading to a fair description of the anisotropies of the momentum density. The agreement between theory and experiment is as good for this simple model (with any four parameters) as for a sophisticated band-structure calculation. Possible extensions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767394011141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaccumulation of vanadium and other trace metals in livers of Alaskan cetaceans and pinnipeds (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 503-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations for 38 elements are routinely measured in the marine mammal liver tissues archived in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB). Results show that hepatic concentrations of vanadium, selenium, silver, cadmium, and mercury are positively correlated with age for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and of vanadium, selenium, cadmium, and mercury with length for ringed seals (Phoca hispada). Many researchers have reported linear correlations of hepatic selenium, cadmium, and mercury with marine mammal age; however, there is only one other report of a linear correlation of hepatic vanadium with marine mammal age. Vanadium levels are at or below detection limits (⩽0.01 μg/g) in liver tissues of U.S. east coast marine mammals from the NBSB but are present at levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.2 μg/g of wet weight in the tissues of Alaskan marine mammals. Although only three bearded seal (Eriganthus barbatus) and three bow-head whale (Balaena mysticetus) liver samples have been analyzed, hepatic vanadium levels also increased with animal size for these species. The presence of relatively high levels of vanadium in the livers of these Alaskan animals may reflect a unique dietary source of vanadium, a unique geochemical source of vanadium, or anthropogenic input to the Alaskan marine environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the sensitivity limit of positron annihilation: detection of vacancies in as-grown silicon (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.70.Bj; 61.72.Ji
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 14  cm-3 in FZ-Si was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050915
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaccumulation of Vanadium and Other Trace Metals in Livers of Alaskan Cetaceans and Pinnipeds (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 30 (1996), S. 503-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Concentrations for 38 elements are routinely measured in the marine mammal liver tissues archived in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB). Results show that hepatic concentrations of vanadium, selenium, silver, cadmium, and mercury are positively correlated with age for beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and of vanadium, selenium, cadmium, and mercury with length for ringed seals (Phoca hispada). Many researchers have reported linear correlations of hepatic selenium, cadmium, and mercury with marine mammal age; however, there is only one other report of a linear correlation of hepatic vanadium with marine mammal age. Vanadium levels are at or below detection limits (≤0.01 μg/g) in liver tissues of U.S. east coast marine mammals from the NBSB but are present at levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.2 μg/g of wet weight in the tissues of Alaskan marine mammals. Although only three bearded seal (Eriganthus barbatus) and three bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) liver samples have been analyzed, hepatic vanadium levels also increased with animal size for these species. The presence of relatively high levels of vanadium in the livers of these Alaskan animals may reflect a unique dietary source of vanadium, a unique geochemical source of vanadium, or anthropogenic input to the Alaskan marine environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900069
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the kinetic parameters during continuous cultivation of the lipase-producing thermophile Bacillus sp. IHI-91 on olive oil (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A thermostable lipase was produced in continuous cultivation of a newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain IHI-91 growing optimally at 65 °C. Lipase activity decreased with increasing dilution rate while lipase productivity showed a maximum of 340 U l−1 h−1 at a dilution rate of 0.4 h−1. Lipase productivity was increased by 50% compared to data from batch fermentations. Up to 70% of the total lipase activity measured was associated to cells and by-products or residual substrate. Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for the utilisation of olive oil were determined. The maximal biomass output method led to a saturation constant K S of 0.88 g/l. Both batch growth data and a washout experiment yielded a maximal specific growth rate, μmax, of 1.0 h−1. Oxygen uptake rates of up to 2.9 g l−1h−1 were calculated and the yield coefficient, Y X/O, was determined to be 0.29 g dry cell weight/g O2. From an overall material balance the yield coefficient, Y X/S, was estimated to be 0.60 g dry cell weight/g olive oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051036
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sap flow rates of mangrove trees are not unusually low (1997)
    Springer
    Trees 11 (1997), S. 432-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Sap flow ; Mangrove ; Stomatal conductance ; Water potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In contrast with previous reports, we observed high transpiration rates in mangrove trees. Maximum sap velocities and mean daytime sap flow rates were estimated from heat pulse velocity in entire, field grown trees of Avicennia cf. alba Blume and Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Results were within the range of values measured by identical techniques for trees in lowland dipterocarp and tropical heath forests with a similar climate in Brunei Darussalam (north Borneo). High stomatal conductance (400 mmol m –  2 s –  1) was also measured for well insolated leaves of A. cf. alba, with midday water potentials reaching about  – 3 MPa in both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050104
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