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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9382-9384 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the temperature dependence of the resistivity of alloys of the palladium–molybdenum and palladium–tungsten systems between 10 and 300 K. These alloys exhibit a decrease in electrical resistivity after deformation, contrary to the expected increase due to increased scattering from dislocations. It is shown that these changes are associated with significant alterations in electronic structure brought about by changes in atomic configuration in the lattice. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A piezotransistor concept for measuring transient pressures in combustion engines at high temperatures using the transversal piezoelectric effect in (100) GaAs is presented. The sensor was used without cooling to measure the pressure in a combustion chamber for a motored and fired engine. The results which are presented here are in good agreement with the signal from a commercial quartz sensor, which needs an additional preamplifier. Such an active GaAs sensor is therefore a very attractive alternative to the commonly used quartz sensors for dynamic pressure measurements at high temperatures. Compared to quartz sensors the GaAs sensor has the advantage of a possible integration of electronics on the sensor chip. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 147-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  An Aspergillus niger endopolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) cDNA was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Secretion of the protein into the growth medium was efficiently directed by the fungal leader sequence, and processing occurred at the same site as in Aspergillus. The expression level was significantly enhanced by using a “short” version of the yeast ADHI promoter. An additional increase in the yield of heterologous protein was due to a higher plasmid stability and a rise in plasmid copy number. This was achieved by deleting most of the bacterial sequences from the expression vector. The yeast-derived enzyme showed the same enzymatic and biochemical properties as the fungal polygalacturonase, such as substrate specificity, pH and temperature optima and pI value. The yeast-derived enzyme, however, showed a higher degree of glycosylation and exhibited a more pronounced temperature stability than the fungal enzyme.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 147-156 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An Aspergillus niger endopolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) cDNA was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Secretion of the protein into the growth medium was efficiently directed by the fungal leader sequence, and processing occurred at the same site as in Aspergillus. The expression level was significantly enhanced by using a “short” version of the yeast ADHI promoter. An additional increase in the yield of heterologous protein was due to a higher plasmid stability and a rise in plasmid copy number. This was achieved by deleting most of the bacterial sequences from the expression vector. The yeast-derived enzyme showed the same enzymatic and biochemical properties as the fungal polygalacturonase, such as substrate specificity, pH and temperature optima and pI value. The yeast-derived enzyme, however, showed a higher degree of glycosylation and exhibited a more pronounced temperature stability than the fungal enzyme.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 66-71 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase is known as the rate-limiting enzyme in early sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. To eliminate this regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a truncated HMG1 gene, producing a form of the enzyme that lacks the membrane-binding region (i.e. amino acids 1–552), was constructed and overexpressed in this yeast. The transformed strains accumulated large amounts of the sterol precursor squalene, while the levels of ergosterol and a number of other sterol compounds were only slightly elevated. These findings suggest that HMG-CoA reductase is not the only rate-limiting step in sterol synthesis and its overexpression cannot significantly influence this pathway beyond the sterol precursor squalene.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (1999), S. 30-35 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The sterol-acyl transferase encoded by the gene ARE2 was transcriptionally deregulated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to understand its role in sterol storage and sterol enrichment. Our results show that sterols can indeed be enriched in yeast by enhancing the capacity of the cells to esterify sterols. ARE2 overexpression had no impact on the accumulation of the early sterols such as lanosterol, but influenced the later intermediates and the end product ergosterol. Thus an enhanced conversion of free sterols to their esterified counterparts may provide a tool to increase the overall sterol content of the yeast cell. We have previously shown that the overexpression of a truncated version of the key enzyme of the early sterol pathway, HMG-CoA reductase (HMG1), leads to an increase in the early sterols such as lanosterol and zymosterol. The simultaneous deregulation of both genes in one strain produces a cumulative effect in that both early and late sterols are enhanced. Karmellae-like structures can be detected when Are2p is overexpressed. Are2p therefore constitutes a new member of the karmellae-inducing protein family.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic factor ; Cyclosporin A ; heart transplantation ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism(s) causing high levels of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in cardiac allograft recipients is(are) unclear. The kidney is important for the clearance of ANF and renal function may decline with cyclosporin A therapy in these patients. The relationship between plasma ANF level and renal function and also the pharmacokinetics of a continuous infusion of ANF (15.5 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 60 min) was examined in 6 cardiac allograft recipients on cyclosporin A therapy. Resting plasma ANF levels were significantly higher in these patients than in 8 healthy subjects (71 vs. 21 ng·l−1). Both effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly lower in these patients than in healthy subjects (215 vs. 617 ml·min−1 and 55 vs. 102 ml·min−1 respectively). There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma ANF and ERPF (r=-0.86) and between plasma ANF and GFR (r=-0.81). During the period of ANF infusion, steady state plasma ANF levels were significantly higher in cardiac allograft recipients. Total body clearance of ANF was marginally lower in these patients than in healthy subjects (60 vs. 10.0 l·min−1) although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Derived endogenous secretion rate of ANF was threefold higher in patients when compared to healthy subjects (633 vs. 208 ng·min−1). We have therefore shown that cardiac allograft recipients on cyclosporin A have elevated plasma ANF levels and also decreased renal function. Pharmacokinetic analysis have shown that this increase in plasma ANF levels is due more to increased ANF secretion than to decreased ANF clearance in these patients.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lisinopril ; Diastolic dysfunction ; congestive heart failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the effects of lisinopril on diastolic function in 12 normotensive patients (mean age 72 years) with symptomatic congestive heart failure, intact left ventricular systolic function and abnormal diastolic function secondary to ischaemic heart disease in a placebo-controlled double blind crossover study, with each treatment dosed orally for 5 continuous weeks. Compared to placebo, lisinopril significantly decreased blood pressure, increased plasma renin activity without altering heart rate or plasma norepinephrine. There was no statistically significant improvement with lisinopril in radionuclide derived peak filling rate and time to peak filling rate, in Doppler echocardiographic measurements of the ratio of peak flow velocity in early diastole to the peak flow velocity of atrial contraction (E:A ratio) and in visual analogue scales of symptoms. Thus, although angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors may have an established role in the treatment of heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, its use in patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction remains unclear.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 46 (1996), S. 255-285 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: electron diffraction ; intermetallic ; oxidation ; TEM ; titanium aluminide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The early stages of TiAl oxidation at 900°C and 1000°C in air have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The investigations revealed that at the beginning of oxidation, i.e., after 4 min, TiO2 and Al2O3 grow in a preferential orientation on the γ-TiAl substrate. After 4 h of oxidation an oxide scale structure can already be found similar to that known from long-term oxidation. In addition, besides α-Al2O3, the formation of a second aluminum oxide phase and of titanium nitrides is observed. The processes at the metal-oxide interface of oxidation in the early stages, consisting of a repeated cycle of Al2O3 formation, Al2O3 dissolution, outward migration of Al through the scale, and reprecipitation of Al2O3 in the outer scale, are described by a model. The four stages observed in the kinetics of TiAl oxidation are explained on the basis of the results obtained and the structure of the oxide scale.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 48 (1997), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Anfangsstadien bei der Oxidation von TiAlDas Oxidationsverhalten von Titanaluminiden mit einem Aluminiumgehalt von 36 Gew.% (Ti36Al) und 35 Gew.%Al, sowie 5 Gew.% Nb (Ti35Al5Nb) wurde mit Hilfe von elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) lag. Isotherme Auslagerungsversuche wurden bei 800 bis 1000°C für 0,5 bis 4 h an Laborluft durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden thermogravimetrische Messungen vorgenommen. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Anfangsoxidation von TiAl in zwei Stadien eingeteilt werden kann. Im Stadium I führt die bevorzugte Oxidation von Aluminium zu einer Aluminiumverarmung in der Metallrandzone und der nachfolgenden Bildung von Titannitriden, mit einer erhöhten Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit als Folge. Nach dem Aufbrauchen der Verarmungszone wird ein wiederholter Zyklus aus Aluminiumoxidbildung, nachfolgender lokaler Aluminiumverarmung der Metallrandzone und dem Aufbrauchen des Ti-reichen Metalls durch Nitridbildung beobachtet, der lineares Oxidationsverhalten zur Folge hat (Stadium II). In der Legierung, die Niob enthält, wird die Auflösung des Aluminiumoxids im Titanoxid vermindert und dadurch die Bildung von Aluminiumoxid an der Metall/Oxid-Grenzfläche begünstigt. Mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung wurde gefunden, daß das Aluminiumoxid, das sich an der Metall/Oxid-Grenzfläche bildet, sehr wahrscheinlich ein Aluminiumoxynitrid Al27O39N ist. Bei der an Aluminium verarmten Metallphase wurde festgestellt, daß sie aus α2-TiAl und einer neuen kubischen Phase mit der Zusammensetzung zwischen α2-Ti3Al und γ-TiAl besteht.
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of titanium aluminides containing 36 wt.-% Al (Ti36Al) and 35 wt.-% Al plus 5 wt.-% Nb (Ti35Al5Nb) has been investigated by electron microscopic methods with emphasis on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxidation experiments were carried out at 800 to 1000°C in laboratory air for 0.5 h to 4 h. In addition thermogravimetric measurements were made. It has been shown that the shortterm oxidation of TiAl can be divided into two stages. In stage I the preferred formation of aluminium oxide leads to an aluminium depletion of the metal subsurface zone and the subsequent formation of titanium nitrides which enhances the oxidation rate. After consumption of the depletion layer a repeated cycle of aluminium oxide formation, subsequent local depletion of the metal subsurface zone in Al and consumption of the Ti-rich metal phase by nitride formation is observed leading to linear oxidation behaviour (stage II). In the niobium containing alloy the dissolution of alumina in titania is decreased and thus the formation of aluminium oxide at the metal/oxide interface is favoured. By electron diffraction it has been found that the aluminium oxide formed at the metal/oxide interface most probably is an aluminium oxynitride Al27O39N. The aluminium depleted metal phase has been analyzed to consist of α2-Ti3Al and a new cubic phase with a composition between of α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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