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  • 1
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    Dependence of human stem cell engraftment and repopulation of NOD/SCID mice on CXCR4 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Stem cell homing and repopulation are not well understood. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 were found to be critical for murine bone marrow engraftment by human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) repopulating stem cells. Treatment of human cells with antibodies to CXCR4 prevented engraftment. In vitro CXCR4-dependent migration to SDF-1 of CD34+CD38-/low cells correlated with in vivo engraftment and stem cell function. Stem cell factor and interleukin-6 induced CXCR4 expression on CD34+ cells, which potentiated migration to SDF-1 and engraftment in primary and secondary transplanted mice. Thus, up-regulation of CXCR4 expression may be useful for improving engraftment of repopulating stem cells in clinical transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peled, A -- Petit, I -- Kollet, O -- Magid, M -- Ponomaryov, T -- Byk, T -- Nagler, A -- Ben-Hur, H -- Many, A -- Shultz, L -- Lider, O -- Alon, R -- Zipori, D -- Lapidot, T -- A130389/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):845-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ; Animals ; Antibodies ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD34/analysis/immunology ; Antigens, CD38 ; Antigens, Differentiation/analysis ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology/*physiology ; Chemotaxis ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Fetal Blood ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis ; Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis/immunology/*physiology ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Chromosome 2 sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-06
    Description: Chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced; this sequence contains 947,103 base pairs and encodes 210 predicted genes. In comparison with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, chromosome 2 has a lower gene density, introns are more frequent, and proteins are markedly enriched in nonglobular domains. A family of surface proteins, rifins, that may play a role in antigenic variation was identified. The complete sequencing of chromosome 2 has shown that sequencing of the A+T-rich P. falciparum genome is technically feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardner, M J -- Tettelin, H -- Carucci, D J -- Cummings, L M -- Aravind, L -- Koonin, E V -- Shallom, S -- Mason, T -- Yu, K -- Fujii, C -- Pederson, J -- Shen, K -- Jing, J -- Aston, C -- Lai, Z -- Schwartz, D C -- Pertea, M -- Salzberg, S -- Zhou, L -- Sutton, G G -- Clayton, R -- White, O -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- Hoffman, S L -- R01 AI40125-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1126-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genome, Protozoan ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors: a source of myelinating transplants (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Self-renewing, totipotent embryonic stem (ES) cells may provide a virtually unlimited donor source for transplantation. A protocol that permits the in vitro generation of precursors for oligodendrocytes and astrocytes from ES cells was devised. Transplantation in a rat model of a human myelin disease shows that these ES cell-derived precursors interact with host neurons and efficiently myelinate axons in brain and spinal cord. Thus, ES cells can serve as a valuable source of cell type-specific somatic precursors for neural transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brustle, O -- Jones, K N -- Learish, R D -- Karram, K -- Choudhary, K -- Wiestler, O D -- Duncan, I D -- McKay, R D -- NS33710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):754-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. brustle@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*cytology ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Ventricles/embryology/surgery ; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder/genetics/*therapy ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Myelin Basic Protein/biosynthesis ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein/biosynthesis/genetics ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology/metabolism/*transplantation/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: The gene encoding inhibitor of kappa B (IkappaB) kinase alpha (IKKalpha; also called IKK1) was disrupted by gene targeting. IKKalpha-deficient mice died perinatally. In IKKalpha-deficient fetuses, limb outgrowth was severely impaired despite unaffected skeletal development. The epidermal cells in IKKalpha-deficient fetuses were highly proliferative with dysregulated epidermal differentiation. In the basal layer, degradation of IkappaB and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) were not observed. Thus, IKKalpha is essential for NF-kappaB activation in the limb and skin during embryogenesis. In contrast, there was no impairment of NF-kappaB activation induced by either interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in IKKalpha-deficient embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes, indicating that IKKalpha is not essential for cytokine-induced activation of NF-kappaB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, K -- Takeuchi, O -- Tsujimura, T -- Itami, S -- Adachi, O -- Kawai, T -- Sanjo, H -- Yoshikawa, K -- Terada, N -- Akira, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):313-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epidermis/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Extremities/*embryology/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Limb Buds/enzymology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/*enzymology/genetics ; Mice ; *Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Skin Abnormalities/*enzymology/genetics ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Twist Transcription Factor
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines includes both soluble and membrane-bound proteins that regulate immune responses. A member of the human TNF family, BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator), was identified that induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. BLyS expression on human monocytes could be up-regulated by interferon-gamma. Soluble BLyS functioned as a potent B cell growth factor in costimulation assays. Administration of soluble recombinant BLyS to mice disrupted splenic B and T cell zones and resulted in elevated serum immunoglobulin concentrations. The B cell tropism of BLyS is consistent with its receptor expression on B-lineage cells. The biological profile of BLyS suggests it is involved in monocyte-driven B cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, P A -- Belvedere, O -- Orr, A -- Pieri, K -- LaFleur, D W -- Feng, P -- Soppet, D -- Charters, M -- Gentz, R -- Parmelee, D -- Li, Y -- Galperina, O -- Giri, J -- Roschke, V -- Nardelli, B -- Carrell, J -- Sosnovtseva, S -- Greenfield, W -- Ruben, S M -- Olsen, H S -- Fikes, J -- Hilbert, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):260-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sciences, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor ; B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/*immunology ; Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Inhibition of phosphatases and increased Ca2+ channel activity by inositol hexakisphosphate (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), the dominant inositol phosphate in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, inhibited the serine-threonine protein phosphatases type 1, type 2A, and type 3 in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity of voltage-gated L-type calcium channels is increased in cells treated with inhibitors of serine-threonine protein phosphatases. Thus, the increased calcium channel activity obtained in the presence of InsP6 might result from the inhibition of phosphatase activity. Glucose elicited a transient increase in InsP6 concentration, which indicates that this inositol polyphosphate may modulate calcium influx over the plasma membrane and serve as a signal in the pancreatic beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larsson, O -- Barker, C J -- Sjoholm, A -- Carlqvist, H -- Michell, R H -- Bertorello, A -- Nilsson, T -- Honkanen, R E -- Mayr, G W -- Zwiller, J -- Berggren, P O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rolf Luft Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Inositol/pharmacology ; Inositol Phosphates/pharmacology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Phytic Acid/*pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    PKC-dependent stimulation of exocytosis by sulfonylureas in pancreatic beta cells (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-02-09
    Description: Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas represent a group of clinically useful antidiabetic compounds that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood but are believed to involve inhibition of potassium channels sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (KATP channels) in the beta cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and activation of the secretory machinery. In addition to these effects, sulfonylureas also promoted exocytosis by direct interaction with the secretory machinery not involving closure of the plasma membrane KATP channels. This effect was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) and was observed at therapeutic concentrations of sulfonylureas, which suggests that it contributes to their hypoglycemic action in diabetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eliasson, L -- Renstrom, E -- Ammala, C -- Berggren, P O -- Bertorello, A M -- Bokvist, K -- Chibalin, A -- Deeney, J T -- Flatt, P R -- Gabel, J -- Gromada, J -- Larsson, O -- Lindstrom, P -- Rhodes, C J -- Rorsman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Goteborg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Exocytosis/*drug effects ; Glipizide/pharmacology ; Glyburide/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/*pharmacology ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/*pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selecting upwind parameters for improved iterative performance (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: upwinding ; iterative methods ; convection-diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The effect of upwinding on iterative performance of convection-diffusion problems is investigated. An analysis of the iterative method considered here leads to a criterion for selecting the optimal upwinding parameter to improve iterative performance for a class of two-dimensional convection-diffusion problems. Supporting numerical experiments are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640110306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the conditioning of numerical boundary measures in wavelet Galerkin methods (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: wavelets ; measures ; stability ; domains ; differential equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper investigates the accuracy and numerical stability of a class of wavelet Galerkin formulations on irregular domains. The method of numerical boundary measures is based upon a domain embedding strategy in which the irregular domain of interest is embedded in a larger domain having regular geometry. One advantage of the domain embedding method is that the boundary conditions on the larger, regular domain can be enforced in a straightforward manner, and the solution procedure can exploit the highly structured form of the resulting governing equations. The defining characteristic of this method is that the calculation of integrals along the irregular boundary are carried out using recently derived numerical boundary measures. In addition, the coercive bilinear forms characterizing the boundary value problem of interest must be calculated when restricted to the actual domain. In the case of wavelet Galerkin formulations, this calculation is accomplished with the three term connection coefficients that characterize the numerical boundary measure. The numerical stability and accuracy of the domain embedding procedure is compared to a newly developed wavelet-based finite element formulation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF THE STRESS TENSOR IN 3-D ELASTOPLASTICITY BY DIRECT SOLVING OF HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRALS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2555-2573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: 3-D boundary element method ; elastoplastic analysis ; hypersingular formulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A 3-D hypersingular Boundary Integral Equation (BIE) of elastoplasticity is derived. Using this formulation the displacement rate gradients and the complete stress tensor on the boundary can be evaluated directly as opposed to the classical approach, where the shape functions derivatives are to be calculated. The regularization of strongly singular and hypersingular boundary integrals, as well as strongly singular domain integrals for a source point positioned on the boundary is carried out in a general manner. Arbitrary types of elements and arbitrary positions of the source point with respect to continuity requirements can be used. Numerical 3-D elastoplastic examples (notch and crack problems) illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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