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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (582)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (216)
  • 1995-1999  (798)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: calix[4]resorcinarenes ; organophosphorus compounds ; solvatophobic interactions ; host-guest complexation ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; x-ray analysis ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [LiChrosorb RP-18,UV detection at 254 nm and acetonitrile-water (86:14,v/v) as mobile phase] was applied to studies of the host-guest complexation of tetraalkylcalix[4]resorcinareneoctols and their upper rim phosphoryl, sulfonyl and dialkylaminomethyl derivatives with some aromatic guests in the mobile phase. It was shown that the formation of the inclusion complexes results in changes in the retention of aromatic guests and improves their separation. Stability constants of the complexes were calculated from the dependences of the l/k′ values of the aromatic guest on the concentration of the calix[4]resorcinarene in the mobile phase. The molecular structure of 4,6,16,18-tetrahydroxy-10,12,22,24-tetrakis(dipropoxyphosphoryloxy)-2,8,14,20-tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene (12) was determined. Crystal data for 12 are P21/n, a  =  16.708(9) Å, b  =  18.683(6) Å, c  =  20.243(5) Å, β  =  95.75(3)°, V  =  6287(4) Å3 and Z  =  4. Compound 12 exists in a boat conformation, in which two opposite unsubstituted resorcinol rings of the macrocyclic skeleton lie in the plane formed by four methine bridges and two diphosphorylated rings are perpendicular to the plane. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Rheologie und Korrosivität von wasserhaltigen Bohrflüssigkeiten unter simulierten BohrlochbedingungenDie Beziehung von rheologischen Eigenschaften zum Korrosionsverhalten von unlegiertem Stahl wurde in einer typischen Bohrflüssigkeit, wie sie bei der Tiefbohrung und in heißen Quellen eingesetzt wird, untersucht. Die Versuche erfolgten unter Bedingungen, die die während des Bohrvorgangs vorliegende Strömung, Temperatur und Druck simulierten. Als physikalische Eigenschaften wurden berücksichtigt: das Verhältnis von Schubspannung zu Schubrate, die effektiven und plastischen Viskositaten, die Streckgrenze und die Gelfestigkeit. Die Eigenschaften wurden bei hoher Temperatur und hohem Druck mittels einer Strömungskreislaufapparatur, eines Baroid Trommelofens sowie eines FANN-70 Viskosimeters bestimmt. Die Korrosionsmessungen erfolgten an Hand von Gewichtsverlusten und mit Hilfe elektrochemischer Verfahren.Die effektive und die plastische Viskosität der Bohrflüssigkeit nimmt mit steigender Temperatur und zunehmender Auslagerungszeit unter Bohrlochbedingungen ab. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des unlegierten Stahles nimmt mit abnehmendem pH-Wert der Flüssigkeit zu. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten sind im schwach alkalischen pH-Bereich niedriger und im schwach sauren pH-Bereich höher. Die Bohrflüssigkeit greift allgemein die Korngrenzen der Stahlproben an. Diffusion wurde als geschwindigkeitsbestimmender Schritt für die Korrosionsreaktionen ermittelt.
    Notes: The rheological property and corrosion behavior relationship of mild steel type 1018 in a typical drilling fluid used in deep drilling and hot wells was studied. The tests were conducted under conditions that simulate flow, temperature, and pressure encountered during drilling operations. Physical properties that were considered are: shear stress-shear rate relationship, effective and plastic viscosities, yield strength and gel strength. The properties were determined under high temperature and pressure by using a flow loop, the Baroid roller oven and the FANN-70 viscometer. The corrosion measurements were carried out by weight loss and electrochemical techniques.The effective and plastic viscosities of the drilling fluid decrease with increase in temperature and increase in time of exposure to downhole conditions. The corrosion rate of 1018 mild steel increase with decrease in pH of the fluid. The corrosion rates are lower at the mildly alkaline pH and higher in the mildly acidic pH range. The drilling fluid generally attacks the grain boundaries of the steel samples. Diffusion was found to be the rate limiting step for the corrosion reactions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 1123-1131 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: MD simulations ; liquid surface ; formamide ; molecular orientation ; molecular surface density ; Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid formamide(HCONH2) were carried out using the GROMOS software. The formamide molecule is represented by all of its atoms with all internal degrees of freedom. In contrast to other simulations dealing with bulk properties, this study focuses on the interface liquid-vacuum for the first time. We show that the molecular plane is tilted out of the surface, exposing the HCO group to the vacuum.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 1123-1131, 1997
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 63 (1997), S. 719-728 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A direct full configuration interaction approach, previously used for studying individual low-lying eigenvalues, is combined with iterative Lanczos calculations, in order to obtain global properties of large Hermitean Hamiltonian matrices. To this effect systematic generation of random start vectors is used to compute statistical approximations to the density of states (DOS). Applications for cyclic polyenes in order to illustrate the viability of the scheme modeled by correlated, high-binding Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) Hamiltonians of increasing complexity are presented. The degree of correlation in the solutions is controlled by the parameter β. Convergence properties of the DOS for N = 10 and N = 14 are studied varying the extent of correlation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 719-728, 1997
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 272-281 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: gene transfer ; retrovirus ; cell cycle ; intracellular stability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recombinant retroviruses are currently used as gene delivery vehicles for the purpose of gene therapy. It is generally believed that the efficiency of retroviral transduction depends on the cell cycle status of the target cells. However, it has been reported that this is not the case for the transduction of human and murine fibroblasts, in contrast to other cell types such as lymphocytes. The predictions of a mathematical model that we constructed, offer an explanation of this contradiction, based on the dynamics of the underlying processes of target cell growth and the intracellular decay of retroviral vectors. The model suggests that the utility of synchronization experiments, that are usually employed to study cell cycle specificity, is severely limited when the time scales of the above kinetic events are comparable to each other. The predictions of the model also suggest the use of retroviral vectors as cell cycle markers, as an alternative way to detect cell cycle dependence of retroviral transduction. This method obviates the need for cell synchronization and therefore, it does not perturb the cell cycle or interfere with the life cycle of retroviral vectors. Moreover, it does not depend on the intracellular stability of retroviral vectors. Our results show that in contrast to previously reported results, transduction of murine fibroblasts is cell cycle dependent, and they are consistent with the current notion that mitosis is the phase that confers transduction susceptibility. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:272-281, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse teratocarcinoma ; Oncofetal markers ; Differentiation ; Scintigraphy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Alphafetoprotein (AFP), a major serum protein synthesized during the embryo-fetal and postnatal period (in the yolk sac, then in the liver), is also an oncoprotein. The intracellular presence of AFP and of serum albumin (SA) in normal and neoplastic neural crest and neural tube derivatives was previously demonstrated. In this work we have studied the comparative expression of AFP and SA in primitive neuroectoblastic structures of mouse embryos (6 and 7 days “post coitum”) and mouse teratocarcinomas (derived from the PCC4 cell line). Using immunofluorescence technique, antibodies to SA gave a positive reaction in embryos of 7 days, while AFP was not detected during this period. By mRNA in situ hybridization, SA mRNA gave a strong signal in both 6 and 7 day embryos, whereas AFP mRNA gave a weak signal only in 7-day embryos. The distribution of SA and AFP and their mRNAs was investigated in primitive neuroectoblastic structures of the teratocarcinomas by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. Only SA protein was detectable by immunostaining. SA mRNA gave a strong signal in differentiating structures as well as in undifferentiated cell clusters. AFP mRNA was observed only in differentiating structures. Dot-blot hybridization indicated that the level of SA transcripts was at least 6-fold higher than that of AFP transcripts in the teratocarcinomas investigated. In teratocarcinoma-bearing mice injected intraperitoneally with 125I-radiolabeled SA and AFP, significant accumulations of both SA and AFP were demonstrated in the tumors, SA being about 3-fold higher than that of AFP after normalization to quantity of uptake in liver. External in vivo photoscanning confirmed this relationship of accumulated radiolabeled proteins. The last observation could be useful in vivo for diagnosis of teratocarcinoma. We conclude that the expression of SA relative to AFP and the external cellular uptake of SA relative to AFP are similar in normal embryonic developing tissues and in the corresponding morphologically neoplastic tissues of the teratocarcinomas. The same SA:AFP relationship constitutes an oncofetal marker of primitive neuroectoblastic structures. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 8 (1998), S. 163-171 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: chemical-based computing ; reaction-diffusion systems ; polymer materials for chemical computing ; Belousov-Zhabotinsky media ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Promising potentialities are opened up by the use of polymer materials for the elaboration of information-processing devices based on reaction-diffusion media. In this work, features of image processing by Belousov-Zhabotinsky media formed on the basis of hydrogel matrices and using catalyst immobilisation on the surface of solid supports have been investigated. Such active media structures have been found to improve significantly the quality of images in the course of their processing by the media. The spatial resolution of the media increases considerably in going from liquid Belousov-Zhabotinsky media and media functioning in polymer matrices to media based on catalyst immobilisation on the surface of solid supports. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 88-91 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Organic peroxides ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Pulse polarography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Severan organic peroxides were studied by differential pulse polarography (DPP) in water and water-solvent media, and compared to hydrogen peroxide. Reduction occurred usually between -0.1 and +0.3 V vs. SCE, except for the peroxides containing a tert-butyl group adjacent to the —O—O— function. In this case, reduction was more difficult and was shifted to the -0.9 to -1.1 V vs. SCE range. Diffusion coefficients were determined and are in the 4 - 9 × 10-10 m2 s-1 range. The detection limits are generally no lower than 5 × 10-5 mol l-1, due to the high irreversibility of the reduction process. Calibration plots from 5 × 10-5 to about 5 × 10-4 mol l-1 exhibit very good linearity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Because of its chemical versatility and demonstrated biocompatibility, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) has been widely used as a polymer for biomedical applications. Since this hydrophilic material shows a poor interface with cells, blendings with other polymers were done to improve cytocompatibility. In our polymer, the presence of hydrophobic dominions on the material surface, due to the interpenetrating polymerization of pHEMA with poly(caprolactone) (PCL), seems to ameliorate the cytocompatibility in terms of cell adhesion and metabolism. For our experiments, we used IMR-90 human fibroblasts, as these cells strongly regulate DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis as anchorage-dependent variables. Cell attachment on a pHEMA/PCL interpenetrating polymer network was optimal, suggesting a strong adhesion between the cells and the polymer surface. Cell adhesion was weaker on pHEMA, as a significant fraction of the fibroblasts revealed a lack of spreading, with most cells remaining spherical. Moreover, only fibroblasts seeded on pHEMA significantly decreased mRNA synthesis; collagen production and cell shapes ranged from fully flat and proliferating, to minimally spread and nonproliferating. Finally, DNA synthesis, as a measure of cell proliferation, was markedly inhibited in cells cultured on pHEMA but not on pHEMA/PCL. In conclusion, our results suggest that control of cell growth and metabolism by biomedical polymers is based on physicochemical mechanism(s) in which the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity ratio of the material surfaces may play an important role. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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