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  • 2000-2004  (370)
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  • 1
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    Creep, dike intrusion, and magma chamber deflation model for the 2000 Miyake eruption and the Izu islands earthquakes (2004)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Kyoto, AGU, vol. 109, no. B2, pp. 2327-2330, pp. B02410, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Modelling ; Seismicity ; Earthquake ; Japan ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Room-temperature ferromagnetism in transparent transition metal-doped titanium dioxide (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-03
    Description: Dilute magnetic semiconductors and wide gap oxide semiconductors are appealing materials for magnetooptical devices. From a combinatorial screening approach looking at the solid solubility of transition metals in titanium dioxides and of their magnetic properties, we report on the observation of transparent ferromagnetism in cobalt-doped anatase thin films with theconcentration of cobalt between 0 and 8%. Magnetic microscopy images reveal a magnetic domain structure in the films, indicating the existence of ferromagnetic long-range ordering. The materials remain ferromagnetic above room temperature with a magnetic moment of 0.32 Bohr magnetons per cobalt atom. The film is conductive and exhibits a positive magnetoresistance of 60% at 2 kelvin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, Y -- Murakami, M -- Shono, T -- Hasegawa, T -- Fukumura, T -- Kawasaki, M -- Ahmet, P -- Chikyow, T -- Koshihara, S -- Koinuma, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):854-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ceramics Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11228146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Control of homeostasis of CD8+ memory T cells by opposing cytokines (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: Memory T cells maintain their numbers for long periods after antigen exposure. Here we show that CD8+ T cells of memory phenotype divide slowly in animals. This division requires interleukin-15 and is markedly increased by inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Therefore, the numbers of CD8+ memory T cells in animals are controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ku, C C -- Murakami, M -- Sakamoto, A -- Kappler, J -- Marrack, P -- AI-17134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-18785/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-22295/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Antigens, CD44/analysis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology/transplantation ; Cell Death ; Cell Division ; Homeostasis ; *Immunologic Memory ; Interleukin-15/immunology/*physiology ; Interleukin-2/immunology/*physiology ; Interleukin-7/immunology/physiology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Interleukin-15 ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/immunology/physiology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Detection and monitoring of ongoing aseismic slip in the Tokai region, central Japan (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Analysis of global positioning system data shows that the rate of crustal deformations in the Tokai region of Japan, a seismic gap area, changed over the past 18 months. Kalman filtering analysis shows aseismic slip on the plate boundary in the western Tokai region centered on Lake Hamana, adjacent to the anticipated Tokai earthquake source area. The cumulative moment magnitude reaches 6.7 in June 2002 with a relative slip increase northeast of Lake Haman from January 2002. An existence of aseismic slip in the western Tokai supports the hypothesis of a silent event as the cause of uplifting several days before the 1944 Tonankai earthquake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozawa, Shinzaburo -- Murakami, Makoto -- Kaidzu, Masaru -- Tada, Takashi -- Sagiya, Takeshi -- Hatanaka, Yuki -- Yarai, Hiroshi -- Nishimura, Takuya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1009-12. Epub 2002 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geography and Crustal Dynamics Research Center, Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, Kitasato-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 305-0013. ozawa@gsi.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Water in Earth's lower mantle (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements show that Earth's representative lower mantle minerals synthesized in a natural peridotitic composition can dissolve considerable amounts of hydrogen. Both MgSiO3-rich perovskite and magnesiowustite contain about 0.2 weight percent (wt%) H2O, and CaSiO3-rich perovskite contains about 0.4 wt% H2O. The OH absorption bands in Mg-perovskite and magnesiowustite were also confirmed with the use of infrared microspectroscopic measurements. Earth's lower mantle may store about five times more H2O than the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Motohiko -- Hirose, Kei -- Yurimoto, Hisayoshi -- Nakashima, Satoru -- Takafuji, Naoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1885-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. mmurakam@geo.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: In situ x-ray diffraction measurements of MgSiO3 were performed at high pressure and temperature similar to the conditions at Earth's core-mantle boundary. Results demonstrate that MgSiO3 perovskite transforms to a new high-pressure form with stacked SiO6-octahedral sheet structure above 125 gigapascals and 2500 kelvin (2700-kilometer depth near the base of the mantle) with an increase in density of 1.0 to 1.2%. The origin of the D" seismic discontinuity may be attributed to this post-perovskite phase transition. The new phase may have large elastic anisotropy and develop preferred orientation with platy crystal shape in the shear flow that can cause strong seismic anisotropy below the D" discontinuity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murakami, Motohiko -- Hirose, Kei -- Kawamura, Katsuyuki -- Sata, Nagayoshi -- Ohishi, Yasuo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):855-8. Epub 2004 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan. mmurakam@geo.titech.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Fat tissue produces a variety of secreted proteins (adipocytokines) with important roles in metabolism. We isolated a newly identified adipocytokine, visfatin, that is highly enriched in the visceral fat of both humans and mice and whose expression level in plasma increases during the development of obesity. Visfatin corresponds to a protein identified previously as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a 52-kilodalton cytokine expressed in lymphocytes. Visfatin exerted insulin-mimetic effects in cultured cells and lowered plasma glucose levels in mice. Mice heterozygous for a targeted mutation in the visfatin gene had modestly higher levels of plasma glucose relative to wild-type littermates. Surprisingly, visfatin binds to and activates the insulin receptor. Further study of visfatin's physiological role may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis and/or new therapies for metabolic disorders such as diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fukuhara, Atsunori -- Matsuda, Morihiro -- Nishizawa, Masako -- Segawa, Katsumori -- Tanaka, Masaki -- Kishimoto, Kae -- Matsuki, Yasushi -- Murakami, Mirei -- Ichisaka, Tomoko -- Murakami, Hiroko -- Watanabe, Eijiro -- Takagi, Toshiyuki -- Akiyoshi, Megumi -- Ohtsubo, Tsuguteru -- Kihara, Shinji -- Yamashita, Shizuya -- Makishima, Makoto -- Funahashi, Tohru -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- Hiramatsu, Ryuji -- Matsuzawa, Yuji -- Shimomura, Iichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):426-30. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Department of Organismal Biosystems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved core fueling with high field side pellet injection in the DIII-D tokamak : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1878-1885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The capability to inject deuterium pellets from the magnetic high field side (HFS) has been added to the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)]. It is observed that pellets injected from the HFS lead to deeper mass deposition than identical pellets injected from the outside midplane, in spite of a factor of 4 lower pellet speed. HFS injected pellets have been used to generate peaked density profile plasmas [peaking factor (ne(0)/〈ne〉) in excess of 3] that develop internal transport barriers when centrally heated with neutral beam injection. The transport barriers are formed in conditions where Te∼Ti and q(0) is above unity. The peaked density profiles, characteristic of the internal transport barrier, persist for several energy confinement times. The pellets are also used to investigate transport barrier physics and modify plasma edge conditions. Transitions from L- to H-mode have been triggered by pellets, effectively lowering the H-mode threshold power by 2.4 MW. Pellets injected into H-mode plasmas are found to trigger edge localized modes (ELMs). ELMs triggered from the low field side (LFS) outside midplane injected pellets are of significantly longer duration than from HFS injected pellets. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of high mode pedestal instabilities in the DIII-D tokamak (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1976-1983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The amplitude and frequency of modes driven in the edge region of tokamak high mode (H-mode) discharges [type I edge-localized modes (ELMs)] are shown to depend on the discharge shape. The measured pressure gradient threshold for instability and its scaling with discharge shape are compared with predictions from ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory for low toroidal mode number (n) instabilities driven by pressure gradient and current density and good agreement is found. Reductions in mode amplitude are observed in discharge shapes with either high squareness or low triangularity where the stability threshold in the edge pressure gradient is predicted to be reduced and the most unstable mode is expected to have higher values of n. The importance of access to the ballooning mode second stability regime is demonstrated through the changes in the ELM character that occur when second regime access is not available. An edge stability model is presented that predicts that there is a threshold value of n for second regime access and that the most unstable mode has n near this threshold. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874053
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Understanding and control of transport in advanced tokamak regimes in DIII-D" [Phys. Plasmas 7, 1959 (2000)] (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3480-3480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: © American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874221
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