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  • 2000-2004  (27)
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  • 11
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    Assessing dietary specialism and food niche breadth of whiting to identify possible Essential Fish Habitats in the Irish Sea (2002)
    In:  EPIC3Fishing and benthic habitats 2002: Symposium on Effects of Fishing Activities on Benthic Habitats: Linking Geology, Biology, Socioeconomics & Management 12-14th of November 2002, Tampa (Florida,USA).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Demersal fish assemblages are intimately associated with benthic habitats where they spend a large part of their time feeding and avoiding predators. Bottom fishing activities can degrade seabed habitats and change benthic communities by reducing their complexity. Thereby they can also degrade essential fish habitats such that they can no longer sustain the fish species associated with them. Having established a relationship between cod (Gadus morhua) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and specific Irish Sea habitats from consultation with fishers and ground fish surveys we wanted to learn what functional role these habitats play, i.e. as sources of prey and shelter from predators. Habitats complexity of stations with high and medium fish densities was assessed using side scan sonar, QTC ViewTM and underwater photography. Young cod were particularly abundant in a habitat with mixed sediments (low grain size sediments between stones and shells) and emergent epifauna off Belfast Lough (Northern Ireland). Dietary specialism indicates a close association with a particular habitat, while broader diets within and between different areas indicate a weaker association of a fish species with a particular habitat. The availability of prey organisms was assessed by sampling epifaunal and infaunal organisms with a 2-m beam trawl and a Day grab. Demersal fish for condition and stomach contents analysis were collected by otter and beam-trawling. The results from stomach content analysis of cod and whiting are discussed in relation to the prey availability found in the study areas and food niche breadth.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 12
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    Multidisziplinäre Untersuchungen an einer Arktischen Tiefsee-Langzeitstation (Poster) (2004)
    In:  EPIC3Science Day 2004, Bremerhaven.06.2004, 26
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    The composition and fate of discards from Nephrops trawling (2000)
    In:  EPIC3ICES Council Meeting Papers,ICES CM 2000/G:06.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 14
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    Using expert knowledge to identify possible 'Essential Fish Habitats' (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 11, pp. 189-197
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 15
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    Damage sustained by epibenthic invertebrates discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Sea Research, 45, pp. 105-118
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Clyde Sea Nephrops fishery produces ca. 25,000ty1 discards with invertebrates accounting for up to 90% of the number of animals discarded. Trawling and handling of the (by-)catch often results in physical injury, the extent of which was previously unknown.Damage sustained by invertebrate discards was assessed following commercial trawling (of 62-270min duration) and sorting on deck. Brittlestars Ophiura ophiura were most vulnerable with 100% incurring damage, followed by squat lobsters Munida rugosa (57%) and starfish Astropecten irregularis (56%). Harder-shelled species such as hermit crabs Pagurus bernhardus and queen scallops Aequipecten opercularis sustained fewer injuries (14 and 2%, respectively). Shell chipping, loss and damage of limbs were the most frequent types of injury incurred. The severity and frequency of damage was mainly correlated with species-specific morphological and behavioural characteristics. Vessel type, tow duration and animal size had a major influence on damage to the epibenthic invertebrates caught. While damage may potentially be repaired, survival is adversely affected and sublethal effects might significantly impair fitness of frequently trawled individuals and populations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 16
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    Mortality of Asterias rubens and Ophiura ophiura discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland (2001)
    In:  EPIC3ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58, pp. 531-542
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The Clyde Sea Nephrops fishery produces large amounts of invertebrate discards. Of these, up to 80% (by numbers) are echinoderms, including the starfishAsterias rubens and the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura. The short- and longer-term mortality of these species was determined after trawling in order to gain reliableestimates of trawl-induced mortality. Short-term mortality was assessed after trawling and periods of aerial exposure on deck, and ranged from 0-31%, with A.rubens showing lower mortality. Mortality of haphazardly collected echinoderms of various sizes and degrees of damage was monitored over one month todetermine longer-term mortality. The effects of injury on starfish survival were also examined, as were the effects of trawling and aerial exposure on O. ophiurasurvival and A. rubens righting time. Injured A. rubens had a significantly higher long-term mortality (22-96%) than controls (4%). Trawling and aerial exposuresignificantly increased righting times of A. rubens, implying susceptibility to stress and an increased risk of predation. Moribund A. rubens developed white lesionscontaining bacteria (Vibrio metschnikovii and Acinetobacter sp.) and mortality rates only stabilised in the third week after trawling. In contrast, all trawled O. ophiuradied within 14d. Immediate re-immersion in sea water resulted in lower, but nevertheless high, mortality (91%). Our results suggest that post-trawling mortality ofdiscarded echinoderms has been underestimated in the past.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 17
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    Acoustic seabed classification: identifying fish and macro-epifaunal habitats (2003)
    In:  EPIC3ICES Council Meeting Papers,CM2002/K:08.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Increasing use of seabed resources and the effects of fishing on the seabed requires an urgent need to assess the extent and diversity of those habitats affected. Traditional techniques of site-specific sampling do not adequately map the extent of seabed habitats and prone to overlooking uncommon habitats. Assessing the utility of remote sampling techniques such as swath bathymetry and acoustic ground-discrimination systems is important because they provide a predictive basis for better-targeted benthic sampling. Acoustic surveys were conducted in conjunction with traditional biological sampling methods at eight study sites selected for differences in demersal fish abundance, in the Irish Sea. Using a 2-m and 3-m beam trawl, distinct fish and macro-epifaunal assemblages were identified. These were strongly associated with acoustically distinct habitats identified using QTC VIEW. Sidescan images provided detailed information on surface texture and gross substrata types, whilst sediment samples were used effectively to ground-truth acoustically distinct habitats. An index of habitat complexity was correlated with acoustic data, which provided an effective assessment method for mapping the spatial extent of fish and macro-epibenthic
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Using knowledge from fishers and fisheries scientists to identify possible roundfish 'Essential Fish Habitats' (2004)
    In:  EPIC3Fisheries Research,66379., 373
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Fishers have often complained that standard fisheries survey data do not adequately reflect the grounds targeted by commercial fishers and hence scientists tend to make over-cautious estimates of fish abundance. Such criticisms are of particular importance if we are to make a creditable attempt to classify 'Essential Fish Habitat' using existing large-scale standard trawl surveys. Nevertheless, these datasets provide a powerful tool to examine consistent patterns in the temporal abundance of fish on a spatial scale. Here, we report a questionnaire survey of fishers that invited them to indicate the location of grounds of key importance for gadoid fishes. In addition, fishers were asked to indicate whether they had noticed key habitat features that might indicate the characteristics of EFH. A comparison of such areas as highlighted by fishers with data from standard groundfish surveys were broadly compatible for all three species of gadoids examined. Many sampling stations of these surveys fell outside areas highlighted by fishers as key fishing grounds/habitats. Fishers were able to provide usable biological observations that were consistently cross-referenced by several independent sources, for example the occurrence of haddock over brittlestar beds. We conclude that fishers' knowledge is an invaluable supplement to existing datasets that can help to better focus more detailed studies of EFH.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 19
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    Ecological relevance of temporal stability in regional fish catches (2003)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Fish Biology,631234., 1219
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the protection of sea bed habitats that are important for commercially exploited fish species ('Essential Fish Habitats', EFH) and may be vulnerable to anthropogenic activities such as bottom fishing or aggregate extraction. Locating such habitats in the vast space of the sea, however, is difficult. The concept of habitat selection based on 'Ideal free distribution' theory suggests that areas of high suitability may attract larger quantities of fish than less suitable or unsuitable areas. Here, we used catch data from groundfish surveys to identify areas of consistently high densities of whiting (Merlangius merlangus), cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), in the Irish Sea and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), sole (Solea solea), lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) in the English Channel over a period of 9 and 10 years respectively.A method was developed to identify areas of the seabed that may constitute EFHs and may therefore merit further investigations. In addition, the number of potential EFHs identified and the number of stations where no fish were caught gave an indication of the site specificity of the fish species analysed. For the gadoids, whiting was found to be less site specific than cod and haddock, while for the flatfish plaice and sole were less site specific then lemon sole. Our findings are discussed in the context of previously published studies on dietary specialism. The site specificity of demersal fish has implications for the siting process for marine protected areas as fish species with a strong habitat affinity can be expected to benefit more from such management schemes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 20
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    Damage, autotomy and arm regeneration in starfish caught by towed demersal fishing gears (2001)
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, 138, pp. 527-536
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Arm damage and loss were examined in starfish Asterias rubens that had been caught in a variety of towed commercial fishing gears deployed on different sea bed types. Between 7 and 38% of starfish in each catch lost one or more arms and arm loss was positively correlated with the volume of the catch for two of the fishing gears examined. Subsequent monitoring of damaged animals showed that arms were autotomised for at least 3 weeks following capture. Mortality was highest in starfish with damaged or missing arms, compared with those that appeared intact after fishing. Arm regeneration was delayed in a small proportion of the animals caught by commercial gears. In a parallel study, 17% of starfish caught by a 4 m beam trawl had a damaged ambulacral ossicle at the point of autotomy (cf none from a control group that were allowed to autotomise slowly). There was no difference in regeneration rates between the animals caught by commercial gears and a control set (caught by a small trawl and forced to autotomise an arm in the laboratory) once the animals that delayed regeneration were excluded from the dataset. After 1 year under laboratory conditions the starfish had, on average, regenerated the missing arm to 75% of the length of the other four arms. During this time period the lengths of the undamaged arms increased by c. 50%. The implications of this study for using arm loss in starfish as an indicator of fishing disturbance are discussed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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