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  • 1
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    Role of the guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 in T helper 1 cell differentiation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-24
    Description: T helper 1 (TH1) cells mediate cellular immunity, whereas TH2 cells potentiate antiparasite and humoral immunity. We used a complementary DNA subtraction method, representational display analysis, to show that the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac2 is expressed selectively in murine TH1 cells. Rac induces the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) promoter through cooperative activation of the nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Tetracycline-regulated transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Rac2 in T cells exhibited enhanced IFN-gamma production. Dominant-negative Rac inhibited IFN-gamma production in murine T cells. Moreover, T cells from Rac2-/- mice showed decreased IFN-gamma production under TH1 conditions in vitro. Thus, Rac2 activates TH1-specific signaling and IFN-gamma gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, B -- Yu, H -- Zheng, W -- Voll, R -- Na, S -- Roberts, A W -- Williams, D A -- Davis, R J -- Ghosh, S -- Flavell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2219-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10864872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/*genetics ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Th1 Cells/cytology/*immunology/*metabolism ; Transfection ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Angiogenesis-independent endothelial protection of liver: role of VEGFR-1 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: The vascular endothelium was once thought to function primarily in nutrient and oxygen delivery, but recent evidence suggests that it may play a broader role in tissue homeostasis. To explore the role of sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in the adult liver, we studied the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor activation on mouse hepatocyte growth. Delivery of VEGF-A increased liver mass in mice but did not stimulate growth of hepatocytes in vitro, unless LSECs were also present in the culture. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified as one of the LSEC-derived paracrine mediators promoting hepatocyte growth. Selective activation of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) stimulated hepatocyte but not endothelial proliferation in vivo and reduced liver damage in mice exposed to a hepatotoxin. Thus, VEGFR-1 agonists may have therapeutic potential for preservation of organ function in certain liver disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeCouter, Jennifer -- Moritz, Dirk R -- Li, Bing -- Phillips, Gail Lewis -- Liang, Xiao Huan -- Gerber, Hans-Peter -- Hillan, Kenneth J -- Ferrara, Napoleone -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):890-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Molecular Oncology, Protein Engineering, and Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CHO Cells ; Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Cricetinae ; DNA Replication ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/genetics/metabolism ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Hepatocytes/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Liver/blood supply/*cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Liver Regeneration ; Lymphokines/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Necrosis ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Paracrine Communication ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/*metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia whose molecular etiology is poorly understood. We studied a family with hereditary persistent AF and identified the causative mutation (S140G) in the KCNQ1 (KvLQT1) gene on chromosome 11p15.5. The KCNQ1 gene encodes the pore-forming alpha subunit of the cardiac I(Ks) channel (KCNQ1/KCNE1), the KCNQ1/KCNE2 and the KCNQ1/KCNE3 potassium channels. Functional analysis of the S140G mutant revealed a gain-of-function effect on the KCNQ1/KCNE1 and the KCNQ1/KCNE2 currents, which contrasts with the dominant negative or loss-of-function effects of the KCNQ1 mutations previously identified in patients with long QT syndrome. Thus, the S140G mutation is likely to initiate and maintain AF by reducing action potential duration and effective refractory period in atrial myocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Yi-Han -- Xu, Shi-Jie -- Bendahhou, Said -- Wang, Xiao-Liang -- Wang, Ying -- Xu, Wen-Yuan -- Jin, Hong-Wei -- Sun, Hao -- Su, Xiao-Yan -- Zhuang, Qi-Nan -- Yang, Yi-Qing -- Li, Yue-Bin -- Liu, Yi -- Xu, Hong-Ju -- Li, Xiao-Fei -- Ma, Ning -- Mou, Chun-Ping -- Chen, Zhu -- Barhanin, Jacques -- Huang, Wei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, and Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, 399 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai 200065, People's Republic of China. drchen@public7.sta.net.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation/*genetics/physiopathology ; COS Cells ; Child ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Heart Atria/physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles/physiopathology ; Humans ; KCNQ Potassium Channels ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; Lod Score ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/physiopathology ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pedigree ; Potassium Channels/*genetics/physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lower amyloidogenic Abeta42 by inhibiting Rho (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: A subset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to preferentially reduce the secretion of the highly amyloidogenic, 42-residue amyloid-beta peptide Abeta42. We found that Rho and its effector, Rho-associated kinase, preferentially regulated the amount of Abeta42 produced in vitro and that only those NSAIDs effective as Rho inhibitors lowered Abeta42. Administration of Y-27632, a selective Rock inhibitor, also preferentially lowered brain levels of Abeta42 in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the Rho-Rock pathway may regulate amyloid precursor protein processing, and a subset of NSAIDs can reduce Abeta42 through inhibition of Rho activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Yan -- Su, Yuan -- Li, Baolin -- Liu, Feng -- Ryder, John W -- Wu, Xin -- Gonzalez-DeWhitt, Patricia A -- Gelfanova, Valentina -- Hale, John E -- May, Patrick C -- Paul, Steven M -- Ni, Binhui -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Discovery Research and Bioresearch Technologies and Proteins, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. zhou_yan_yz@lilly.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amides/pharmacology ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Ibuprofen/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments/*metabolism ; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; Signal Transduction ; Sulindac/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Transfection ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; rho-Associated Kinases ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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