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  • Springer  (36)
  • 2000-2004  (36)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of [Tb4(H2O)2](C2O4)2(C5H6O4)4 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 633-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Lanthanide ; oxalate ; glutarate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A terbium complex associating two ligands, oxalate and glutarate, was prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C by treating an aqueous suspension of terbium oxalate decahydrate with glutaric acid and guanidinium carbonate. Its structure was solved by X-ray diffraction on a single crystal. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with lattice constants, a = 9.514(1) Å, b = 9.0681(8) Å, c = 19.702(2) Å, and β = 97.90(1)°. The terbium atoms and the oxalate ligands build dense chains which are connected by one side of the carboxylic group of some glutarate ligands, thus forming a sheet at the c level ≅ 0 and 1/2. These sheets are bridged by glutarate groups. The terbium atoms are ninefold coordinate with nine oxygen atoms of the ligands or with one water molecule and eight oxygen atoms of the ligands. Each polyhedron of the terbium atoms share one edge and one face of oxygen atoms with the two neighboring ones. The oxalate ligands are bischelating and bismonodentate. The coordination scheme of glutarate differs: either they are bismonodentate from one side and chelating and monodentate from the other side or they are chelating and monodentate from both sides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011992031111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic theory of optical dephasing in semiconductors (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 511-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 71.35.Cc; 42.50.Md; 78.66.-w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Dephasing, i.e. the decay of the optical interband polarization in a semiconductor results from destructive interference effects between different microscopic contributions. For a system without any disorder it is shown that the many-body Coulomb correlations lead to excitation-induced dephasing which becomes increasingly important at elevated excitation levels. The effect of disorder-induced dephasing is analyzed for low excitation levels, where the combined influence of excitonic, biexcitonic, and disorder scattering contributions lead to a temporal decay of the four-wave-mixing signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000707
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE binding to unique hazelnut allergens: Identification of non pollen-related and heat-stable hazelnut allergens eliciting severe allergic reactions (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 39 (2000), S. 172-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Non pollen-related hazelnut allergens – birch pollen-related hazelnut allergens – low molecular weight allergens – Western blotting – EAST inhibition – anaphylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Usually hazelnut allergic patients suffer from the tree pollen associated oral allergy syndrome (OAS) caused by cross-reactive structures. Anaphylactic reactions elicited by hazelnuts happen rarely but are of high clinical significance. Considering that hazelnuts are ingredients in processed foods, hazelnuts may play an important role as hidden allergens for these high risk patients. Therefore, we analyzed the IgE reactivity of a young woman with severe allergic reactions after ingestion of hazelnuts without any association to tree pollen allergy. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize these potent hazelnut-specific allergens. We compared these allergens to structures displayed by sera from patients with a completely or partially non pollen-related hazelnut allergy and with birch pollen-related hazelnut allergy. None of the sera had a clinical history of anaphylaxis. Special emphasis was placed on the heat stability and cross-activity of these allergens. Methods/Results: Using Western blotting with extract from birch pollen and EAST inhibition techniques we were able to show that the allergens in the serum sample of the young woman were not cross-reactive with birch pollen. Immunoblot experiments with extracts from native and heated hazelnuts and EAST inhibition tests further characterized these allergens to be heat-stable. Unlike the IgE binding pattern of the sera from the patients with pollen-related hazelnut allergy, low molecular weight proteins below 10 kDa were identified by the sera from the patients without pollinosis. Conclusions: Since the binding pattern of the serum sample of the young woman was different from that of the sera from patients without pollen allergy but less severe symptoms, we assume an association between single non pollen-dependent hazelnut allergens in the low molecular range and severe allergic reactions. These results enable us to approach a subgroup of hazelnut allergens which we believe to be responsible for anaphylactic reactions in hazelnut allergic patients after ingestion of heat-stable hazelnut structures in processed food stuff, independent of pollinosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940070021
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic Analysis of the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Recreational Trout Fishing in the Southern Appalachian Mountains: An Application of a Nested Multinomial Logit Model (2000)
    Springer
    Climatic change 45 (2000), S. 493-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Global warming due to the enhanced greenhouse effect through human activities has become a major public policy issue in recent years. The present study focuses on the potential economic impact of climate change on recreational trout fishing in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Significant reductions in trout habitat and/or populations are anticipated under global warming since the study area is on the extreme margins of trout habitat of the eastern U.S. The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential welfare loss of trout anglers due to global warming. A nested multinomial logit model was developed and estimated to describe the angler's fishing choice behavior. The estimated median welfare loss (Compensating Variation) ranged from $5.63 to $53.18 per angler per single occasion under the various diminished trout habitat and/or population scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005511627247
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption of metals by extracellular polymers from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa fo. flos-aquae strain C3-40 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: cyanobacterium ; Cyanophyta ; Microcystis ; capsule ; slime layer ; metal ; adsorption ; polysaccharide ; equilibrium dialysis ; voltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sorption of cadmium (II), copper (II), lead (II),manganese (II), and zinc (II) by purified capsularpolysaccharide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosafo. flos-aquae strainC3-40 was examined by four methods: equilibriumdialysis, metal removal from solution as detected byvoltammetry, metal accumulation by capsule-containingalginate beads, and calorimetry. The polysaccharide'ssaturation binding capacities for these metals rangedfrom 1.2 to 4 mmol of metal g-1 of capsule, whichcorresponds to 1 metal equivalent per 2 to 4saccharide subunits of the polymer. Competitionbetween paired metals was tested with simultaneous andsequential additions of metal. Cadmium (II) andlead (II), as well as lead (II) and zinc (II), competedrelatively equally and reciprocally for polymerbinding sites. In contrast, manganese (II) stronglyinhibited the binding of cadmium (II) and lead (II), butitself was not substantially inhibited by either theprior or simultaneous adsorption of cadmium (II) or lead (II).The data are interpreted with respect to overlap ofbinding sites and possibilities of altered polymerconformation or solvation. Calorimetric studies oflead (II) and cadmium (II) association reactions withthe polysaccharide suggest that the enthalpies aresmall and that the reactions may be driven by entropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008195312218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Population Analysis of Nebulized (R)-albuterol in Dogs Using a Novel Mixed Gut-Lung Absorption PK-PD Model (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 1228-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: (R)-albuterol ; enantiomer ; population pharmacokinetic analysis ; pharmacodynamics ; nebulization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The objectives of this study were to 1) construct a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model, and 2) determine the PKs and PDs of (R)-albuterol when given by nebulization to 8 dogs for 7 consecutive days. Methods. Four doses were evaluated (0.002, 0.02, 0.1, and 0.4 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were obtained after drug administration on days 1 and 7. Heart rates (HR) were obtained during treatment days 1, 4 and 7. All (R)-albuterol plasma concentrations were fitted using a mixed gut-lung absorption 2-compartment PK model. Day-1, 4, and 7 HR data were co-modeled using a direct response model with Hill-type equations, including a necessary tolerance phenomenon. The population PK-PD analysis was performed with an iterative 2-stage methodology (IT2S). Results. No chiral inversion was seen, and double absorption peaks on the plasma concentration versus time curves were observed in the majority of dogs. These were hypothesized to be the result of combined gut and lung absorption of (R)-Albuterol. Results indicated that 67% (range: 57-89%) of (R)-albuterol systemic exposure after nebulized administration is due to gut absorption. Mean population PK parameters were KaGI (10±5.7 h−1), KaLUNG (21±9.5 h−1), CLc/F (0.6±0.2 L/h/kg), CLd/F (1.4±0.5 L/h/kg), Vc/F (1.4±0.9 L/kg), and Vp/F (4.8±2.4 L/kg). (R)-albuterol administration was associated with an increase in the dogs heart rates. A tolerance effect related to the cumulative dose was observed and modeled. Conclusions. The presented PK-PD model appears to differentiate gut from lung absorption when (R)-albuterol is given by 15-minute nebulization to dogs. These results agree with the accepted hypothesis that most of the systemic exposure of (R)-albuterol after nebulized administration is due to gut absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026466730347
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in a Great River Index of Biotic Integrity over a 20-year period (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 422-423 (2000), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: biological integrity ; IBI ; fish assemblage ; fish community structure and function ; land use ; gear effects ; recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) has proven to be an important assessment tool for evaluating the resource quality of aquatic ecosystems. We used a modified IBI for Great Rivers based on collections from the Wabash River in west-central Indiana. We evaluated natural, inherent variation in natural phenomena, gear effects and land use modification over a 20-year period. Sixty-three stations distributed through 260 km of river were sampled 2–3 times per year to evaluate fish community structure and function. Natural changes in variation included temporal variation, hydrologic cycle and recruitment. Our results suggest that removing gizzard shad, whose population levels fluctuate widely, from percentage metrics enhanced assessment and exposed subtle affects. IBI scores consistently declined in a downstream direction. IBI profiles based on numbers were almost always higher than those using biomass, but patterns corresponded well for both metric systems. Combining biomass catches by seining and electrofishing did not substantially change the observed patterns compared to numeric electrofishing catches. The large number of small species taken by seining overwhelmed the subtle patterns observed at least impacted stations, but greater departures in quality were evident at impaired downstream locations. Floods decimated fish communities throughout the river. Fish moved out of stressed areas during severe droughts and into areas near clean tributaries. Certain structured attributes of Great River fish communities showed statistically significant changes based on ecoregion scales. Total number of species, number of sensitive species, number of centrarchid species and percentage of simple lithophils declined between the Corn Belt Plain and Interior River Lowland ecoregions, but water quality factors might also be influential. These changes in metric attributes lowered IBI scores by 6–10 cumulative points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017060520873
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative Pheromones in Urine of Rutting Male Moose (Alces alces): Evolution of Honest Advertisement? (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2747-2762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alces alces gigas ; Alaskan moose ; pheromones ; urine ; mating behavior ; honest advertisement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We tested hypotheses about how olfactory communication was related to mating behavior in Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas). Males dig rutting pits where they deposit odiferous urine; females are strongly attracted to and often wallow in those pits. Moreover, mating and parturition are highly synchronized in moose. Consequently, male urine may play an important role in the mating system and in synchronizing reproduction in moose. Urine samples were collected from captive moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Samples included those from the mating season and from the nonrutting period for two adult males, one yearling male, and one male and one female less than 1 year old. After pH adjustment, samples were extracted with methylene chloride to yield three fractions (acidic, neutral, and basic), which were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Potential pheromones included unsaturated alcohols and homologs of tetrahydro-6-methyl pyranone and 2-nonen-4-one. We hypothesize that these compounds are related to hypophagia and catabolism of body reserves by rutting males, and thereby provide an honest advertisement of body condition by male moose during the mating season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026485725805
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanorings with magnetic field and disorder - Influence on excitons and biexcitons (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 22 (2001), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.35.Cc Intrinsic properties of excitons; optical absorption spectra – 78.66.-w Optical properties of specific thin films – 42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency – 03.65.Bz Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Linear and nonlinear optical absorption spectra are studied theoretically for semiconductor nanorings penetrated by a magnetic field. Due to the Aharanov-Bohm effect the spectral position as well as the oscillator strength of the exciton change periodically as function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the ring. In the nonlinear differential absorption spectra it is found that the magnetic field strongly modifies Coulomb many-body correlations. In particular, the magnetic-field-induced increase of the exciton binding energy is accompanied by a decrease of the biexciton binding energy. The persistence of these effects in the presence of energetic disorder is analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510170133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Organization of the Atlantic Croaker Connexin 32.2 Gene and Its 5′ Flanking Region (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 154-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: AP-1, CRE, exon, intron, response elements, teleost.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: Gonadotropic hormone stimulates the accumulation of connexin (Cx) 32.2 messenger RNA in ovaries of the marine teleost Atlantic croaker. This effect can be mimicked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and blocked by PKA inhibitors as well as protein kinase C (PKC) stimulators. However, the mechanisms of Cx32.2 gene regulation are unknown. In this study, we determined the structure of the Cx32.2 gene as a first step toward characterizing the regulatory mechanisms of Cx32.2 gene expression. A cosmid library of croaker genomic DNA was screened with a Cx32.2 complementary DNA probe. One positive clone was subcloned and sequenced. The Cx32.2 gene contained two exons and one intron. The first exon contained a portion of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and the second exon contained the remaining 5′ UTR, the amino acid coding region, and the 3′ UTR. The distal 5′ flanking region also contained a sequence homologous to a different croaker Cx gene, Cx32.7, but it is unclear if this sequence constitutes a pseudogene or an exon of the Cx32.7 gene. The 5′ flanking region of the Cx32.2 gene contained two core cyclic AMP response elements (CRE, CGTCA) and one full-consensus activating protein- (AP)-1 binding site (AGTCAG). The distal core CRE was associated with a sequence that enhances CRE activity (GAGC). A third core CRE site was present in the intron. These findings are consistent with the following hypotheses: the induction of ovarian Cx32.2 mRNA levels by gonadotropic hormone is at least partly mediated by CRE-dependent activation of the Cx32.2 gene, and the inhibition of basal and gonadotropic-hormone-stimulated ovarian Cx32.2 mRNA by PKC is due to negative effects on transcription via the AP-1 transcription factor complex. This study is the first to characterize the structure and putative response elements of the 5′ flanking region of fish Cx genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900019
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