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  • 2000-2004  (109)
  • 1985-1989  (26)
  • 1980-1984  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster approach to structure of surfaces and chemisorption (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 92 (1988), S. 3024-3028 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100322a002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A photoion–photoelectron coincidence study of Arn (n=2–4) (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 2995-3003 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoion–photoelectron coincidence (PIPECO) spectra for Ar+n (n=2–4) in the wavelength region of 750–875 A(ring) have been measured at different nozzle stagnation pressures. The ionization energies (IE) for the ground Ar+2[I(1/2)u] and Ar+3[I(1/2)u] states are determined to be 14.518±0.017 eV (854±1 A(ring)) and 14.350±0.033 eV (864±2 A(ring)), in agreement with the findings of previous photoionization experiments. The IE for Ar+2[II(1/2)u] is found to be (approximately-less-than)15.83 eV (783 A(ring)). The observation of the Ar+2[II(1/2)u] PIPECO band supports the interpretation that Ar+2[II(1/2)u] is metastable with a lifetime longer than 47 μs, a value in accord with the calculated radiative lifetime of 90.9 μs for the II(1/2)u →I(1/2)g transition. The PIPECO spectrum for Ar+2 is dominated by autoionization structure similar to that resolved in the photoionization efficiency spectrum for Ar+2, indicating that a significant fraction of electrons produced by these autoionizing states are slow electrons with near-zero kinetic energies. Evidence is found that metastable Ar+3 and Ar+4 ions formed by photoionization of Ar3 and Ar4 at energies above the Ar+2[I(1/2)u]+Ar(1S0) and Ar+3[I(1/2)u]+Ar(1S0) dissociation limits may live longer than 58 and 66 μs, respectively. We suggest that the formation of Ar+3 in metastable electronic states may be responsible for the long dissociation lifetimes of Ar+3 observed in this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455901
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A photoion–photoelectron coincidence study of (CO)2 and (CO)3 (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6026-6033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoion–photoelectron coincidence (PIPECO) spectra for (CO)+2 in the wavelength region of 620–990 A(ring) have been obtained at different nozzle stagnation pressures (P0). The ionization energy for (CO)2 to CO+(X˜)⋅CO is determined to be (approximately-less-than)12.73±0.05 eV (974±4 A(ring)), indicating that CO+(X˜)⋅CO is bound by more than 1.29 eV. The PIPECO measurements also provide evidence that CO+(A˜,B˜)⋅CO are bound with dissociation energies 〉0.3 eV. At P0≤200 Torr and a nozzle temperature (T) of 120 K, nozzle expansion conditions which minimize the formation of (CO)n (n≥3), the intensities for the CO+(A˜,B˜)⋅CO PIPECO bands are found to be negligibly small compared to that for the CO+(X˜)⋅CO PIPECO band. This observation supports the conclusion that the excited CO+(A˜,B˜)⋅CO ions are dissociative, with dissociation lifetimes〈42 μs. This conclusion is contrary to that of the preliminary study which is based on the PIPECO spectrum for (CO)+2 measured at P0=350 Torr and T=120 K. Assuming that the radiative lifetimes of CO+(A˜ or B˜) and CO+(A˜ or B˜)⋅CO are identical, we estimate that the dissociation lifetimes for CO+(A˜)⋅CO and CO+(B˜)⋅CO are (approximately-less-than)4 μs and (approximately-less-than)50 ns, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456368
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adjustable boron carbonitride nanotubes (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5325-5333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The adjustable photoluminescence (PL) and field electron emission (FEE) properties of boron carbonitride (B–C–N) nanotubes grown under well-controlled conditions are studied systematically. Large-scale highly aligned B–C–N nanotubes are synthesized directly on Ni substrates by the bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition method. Single-walled B–C–N nanotubes and nanometric B–C–N heterojunctions are obtained by the pulsed-arc-discharge technique and pause-reactivation two-stage process, respectively. It is found that the microstructures, orientations, and chemical compositions of the nanotubes can be controlled by varying growth parameters. The mechanism of the controllable growth is also investigated. Intense and stable PL from the nanotubes is observed in both blue-violet (photon energies 3.14–2.55 eV) and yellow-green bands (photon energies 2.13–2.34 eV) and the emission bands are adjusted by varying the compositions of the nanotubes. FEE properties are also studied and optimized by varying the B or N atomic concentrations in the nanotubes. All these results verify the controllability of the electronic band structure of the B–C–N nanotubes. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459596
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure granulites in the Sanggan area, North China craton: metamorphic evolution, P–T paths and geotectonic significance (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: High-pressure basic granulites are widely distributed as enclaves and sheet-like blocks in the Huaian TTG gneiss terrane in the Sanggan area of the Central Zone of the North China craton. Four stages of the metamorphic history have been recognised in mineral assemblages based on inclusion, exsolution and reaction textures integrated with garnet zonation patterns as revealed by compositional maps and compositional profiles. The P–T conditions for each metamorphic stage were obtained using thermodynamically and experimentally calibrated geothermobarometers. The low-Ca core of growth-zoned garnet, along with inclusion minerals, defines a prograde assemblage (M1) of garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz, yielding 700 °C and 10 kbar. The peak of metamorphism at about 750–870 °C and 11–14.5 kbar (M2) is defined by high-Ca domains in garnet interiors and inclusion minerals of clinopyroxene, plagioclase and quartz. Kelyphites or coronas of orthopyroxene + plagioclase ± magnetite around garnet porphyroblasts indicate garnet breakdown reactions (M3) at conditions around 770–830 °C and 8.5–10.5 kbar. Garnet exsolution lamellae in clinopyroxene and kelyphites of amphibole + plagioclase around garnet formed during the cooling process at about 500–650 °C and 5.5–8 kbar (M4). These results help define a sequential P–T path containing prograde, near-isothermal decompression (ITD) and near-isobaric cooling (IBC) stages.The clockwise hybrid ITD and IBC P–T paths of the HP granulites in the Sanggan area imply a model of thickening followed by extension in a collisional environment. Furthermore, the relatively high-pressures (6–14.5 kbar) of the four metamorphic stages and the geometry of the P–T paths suggest that the HP granulites, together with their host Huaian TTG gneisses, represent the lower plate in a crust thickened during collision. The corresponding upper-plate might be the tectonically overlying Khondalite series, which was subjected to medium- to low-pressure (MP/LP: 7–4 kbar) granulite facies metamorphism with a clockwise P–T path including an ITD segment. Both the HP and the MP/LP granulite facies events occurred contemporaneously at c. 1.90–1.85 Ga in a collisional environment created by the assembly process of the North China craton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00401.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and field-emission behavior of highly oriented boron carbonitride nanofibers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2624-2626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large-area highly oriented boron carbonitride (BCN) nanofibers with various compositions were synthesized directly on polished polycrystalline nickel substrates from a gas mixture of N2, H2, CH4, and B2H6 by bias-assisted hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition. The morphology of BCN nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy, the nanofiber structure was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical composition of individual nanofibers was determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Field-emission behavior of the BCN nanofibers was characterized and a high emission current density of about 20–80 mA/cm2 at a low electric field of 5–6 V/μm implies a promising application as field-emission sources. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126429
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron carbonitride nanojunctions (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 124-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron carbonitride (BCN) nanometric heterojunctions are controllably fabricated by bias-assisted hot-filament chemical vapor deposition with a pause-reactivation two-stage (PRTS) process. Tailored composition revulsion across the nanotube junction is obtained by simply varying the concentration of the gaseous precursor between the two stages of the PRTS process. The critical effect of the plasma power density in the reactivation process on continuous growth of the nanotubes is realized and controlled, leading to successful synthesis of the Y-shaped BCN nanojunctions. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431692
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A photoion–photoelectron coincidence study of (CO)2 (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 4098-4099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoion–photoelectron coincidence (PIPECO) spectrum for (CO)+2 has been measured in the wavelength region of ∼600–1 000 A(ring). The lower limits for the bond dissociation energies of CO+ (X˜)⋅CO, CO+ (A˜)⋅CO, and CO+ (B˜)⋅CO are determined to be 29.8, 17, and 16 kcal/mol, respectively. Evidence supporting the existence of long-lived (CO)+2 states with dissociation lifetimes 〉40 μs at energies above the CO+ (X˜,v=0)+CO asymptote is found. The dissociative lifetimes of CO+ (A˜)⋅CO and CO+(B˜)⋅CO are estimated to be longer than 4 μs and 50 ns, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453814
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein digestibility and amino acid availability of several protein sources for juvenile Chinese hairy crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards (Decapoda, Grapsidae) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Apparent and true values of protein digestibility (APD vs. TPD) and amino acid availability (AAAA vs. TAAA) of casein, gelatin, fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal and spirulina meal were determined for juvenile Chinese hairy crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards. Assay diets were prepared by incorporation of 20% of a protein source into a reference diet. A protein-free diet (PFD) was used to estimate the metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) content and amino acid composition (MFAA). MFN content was 445.3 mg 100 g−1 PFD. MFAA ranged from 19.6 mg 100 g−1 PFD for tryptophan to 228.5 mg 100 g−1 PFD for glutamic acid. Casein and gelatin trended towards higher APD, while fish meal had the lower APD and TPD. Although there was reasonable agreement between protein digestibility and average amino acid availability, protein sources had significant effects on AAAA and TAAA. For total amino acids and most individual amino acids, casein and gelatin were relatively higher both in AAAA and in TAAA, soybean meal and spirulina meal intermediate, while fish meal was lower. Data of AAAA and TAAA suggest that soybean meal and spirulina meal could be used as substitutes for animal proteins. Individual AAAAs and TAAAs were variable within and among protein sources. Those results suggest that determination of amino acid availabilities is necessary for the more accurate and economical feed formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00498.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Ammonium Chloride on the Rheological Properties and Sedimentation Behavior of Aqueous Silica Suspensions (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the rheological properties and sedimentation behavior of aqueous silica (SiO2) suspensions of varying solids volume fraction (φs) was studied. SiO2 suspensions with low NH4Cl concentration (≤0.05M, pH 5.2) exhibited Newtonian behavior and a constant settling velocity (U). The volume fraction dependence was well described by the Richardson–Zaki form, U=U0(1 −φs)n, where n= 4.63 and U0= 1.0419 × 10−5 cm/s. At higher NH4Cl concentrations (0.07–2.0M, pH 5.2), suspensions exhibited shear thinning and more complicated sedimentation behavior due to their aggregated nature. For all suspensions studied, however, the apparent suspension viscosity, characteristic cluster size, and initial settling velocity were greatest at ∼0.5M NH4Cl and exhibited a similar dependence on salt concentration. Above 0.5M NH4Cl, considerable restabilization was observed. This behavior cannot be explained by traditional DLVO theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01183.x
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