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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 65 (2000), S. 295-300 
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird eine verbesserte Form der Bruchspannungskriterien von Whitney und Nuismer vorgestellt, die für die Berechnung der Spannungen in Verbundíaminaten verwendet wird, weiche eine runde Öffnung aufweisen. Der Ansatz mit einem lokalen spannungskriterium geht davon aus, daß ein Versagen des Werkstoffes dann auftritt, sobald die Spannung in einer bestimmmten Entfernung d 0 von der Kerbe die Festigkeit des ungekerbten Laminates übserschreitet. Der Ansatz des mittieren Spannungskriterium legt zugrunde, daß ein Materialversagen dann auftritt, wenn die mittiere Spannung in einer bestimmten Entfernung a 0 von der Einkerbung die Festigkeit des ungekerbten Laminates überschreitet. Beide Bruchspannungsansätze sind zweiparametrische Berechnungsansätze basierend auf der Festigkeit σ0 des kerbfreien Material und einer charakteristischen Länge d 0 bzw. a 0. Eine relativ einfache Beziehung wird für die Bestimmung der charakteristischen Länge eingeführt, um die Berechnung der Kerbfestigkeit von Kohlefaser/Epoxid-Verbund-Laminaten zu verbessern. Die erhaltenen, analytischen Ergebnisse stimmen gut mit den verfügbaren Meßwerten von AS4-carbon/948 A1 epoxy [0/90]4 S and [0/±45/90]2 S Verbund-Laminaten unterschiedlicher Abmessungen überein.
    Notes: Abstract  This paper improves the two stress fracture criteria proposed by Whitney and Nuismer (known as the point stress criterion and the average stress criterion) to predict the strength of composite laminates with a circular hole. In the point stress criterion, it is assumed that the failure occurs when the stress over some distance (d 0) away from the notch is equal to or greater than the unnotched laminate strength. In the average stress criterion it is assumed that failure occurs when the average stress over some distance (a 0) ahead of the notch equals the unnotched laminate strength. Both stress fracture criteria are two parameter models based on the unnotched strength (σ0) and a characteristic dimension (d 0 or a 0). A simple relation is used for the characteristic length to improve the accuracy while evaluating the notched strength of carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The analytical results are compared well with the existing test results of AS4-carbon/948 A1 epoxy [0/90]4 s and [0/±45/90]2 S composite laminates with various hole diameters and specimen widths.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 66 (2000), S. 24-30 
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung  Mit diesem Artikel wird eine erweiterte Form des Bruchspannungkriteriums von Whitney und Nuismer vorgestellt, das für die Vorhersage der Zugfestigkeit von Verbundlaminaten eingesetzt wird, welche Löcher bzw. Risse aufweisen. Eine relativ einfache Beziehung für die charakteristische Länge in Abhängigkeit von der Rissgröße ermöglicht eine deutliche Genauigkeitsverbesserung bei der Festigkeitsberechnung. Die Güte dieser Gleichung wird durch den ausführlichen Vergleich mit Meßdaten belegt. Weiterhin führt der Einsatz der vorgestellten Methodik zu einer guten Übereinstimmung mit exprimentellen Ergebnissen des Bruchverhaltens von Verbundlaminaten mit lochartigen Strukturen, wodurch die Richtigkeit der gewählten Vorgehensweise bestätigt wird.
    Notes: Abstract   This paper presents modifications in the stress fracture criteria (known as the point stress criterion and the average stress criterion), developed by Whitney and Nuismer to predict the tensile strength of composite laminates containing holes and cracks. A simple relation is used for the characteristic lengths to take care of the notch size dependence, which can improve the accuracy while evaluating the notched strength of composite laminates. The applicability of the simple relation is examined by considering a good amount of fracture data on boron/aluminium laminates. The present procedure correlates well with the test data on circular hole specimens as well as various cracked configurations and confirms that the approach can be applied for tensile strength estimations of notched composite laminates.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 46 (1995), S. 655-679 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of peristaltic transport induced by sinusoidal waves of a particle-fluid mixture in the presence of a Poiseuille flow, is analysed. The governing equations of motion resulting from the Navier-Stokes equations for both the fluid and particle phases are solved and closed form solutions are obtained for limiting values of Reynolds number, wave number and the Poiseuille flow parameter while the method of Frobenius series solution is used for the general case. It is found that the mean flow is strongly dependent on the Poiseuille flow parameter. The effects of particle concentration in the fluid is well discharged throughout the analysis and the results are compared with the other studies in the literature.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 911-914 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; Transformation ; Transgene inheritance ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular analysis of the transgenes bar and gus was carried out over successive generations in six independent transgenic lines of wheat, until the plants attained homozygosity. Data on expression and integration of the transgenes is presented. Five of the lines were found to be stably transformed, duly transferring the transgenes to the next generation. The copy number of the transgenes varied from one to five in the different lines. One line was unstable, first losing expression of and then eliminating both the transgenes in R3 plants. Although the gus gene was detected in all the lines, GUS expression had been lost in R2 plants of all but one line. Rearrangement of transgene sequences was observed, but it had no effect on gene expression. All the stable lines were found to segregate for transgene activity in a Mendelian fashion.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Triticum aestivum L. ; Transformation ; Transgene inheritance ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Molecular analysis of the transgenes bar and gus was carried out over successive generations in six independent transgenic lines of wheat, until the plants attained homozygosity. Data on expression and integration of the transgenes is presented. Five of the lines were found to be stably transformed, duly transferring the transgenes to the next generation. The copy number of the transgenes varied from one to five in the different lines. One line was unstable, first losing expression of and then eliminating both the transgenes in R3 plants. Although the gus gene was detected in all the lines, GUS expression had been lost in R2 plants of all but one line. Rearrangement of transgene sequences was observed, but it had no effect on gene expression. All the stable lines were found to segregate for transgene activity in a Mendelian fashion.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Metrika 48 (1998), S. 177-187 
    ISSN: 1435-926X
    Keywords: Key words: Ratio estimators ; missing values ; relative mean squared error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper considers the estimation of the ratio of population means when some observations are missing. Four estimators are presented and their bias and mean square error properties are studied.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 34 (1995), S. 406-414 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Peristaltic ; Casson fluid ; yield stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of blood flow induced by peristaltic waves in a uniform small diameter tube has been investigated. Blood has been represented by a two-fluid model consisting of a core region of suspension of all the erythrocytes, assumed to be a Casson fluid, and a peripheral layer of plasma as a Newtonian fluid. The expressions for dimensionless pressure drop and friction force have been obtained. The results obtained in the analysis have been evaluated numerically and discussed briefly. The significance of the present model over the existing models has been pointed out by comparing the results with other theories both analytically and numerically.
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