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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-04-15
    Description: Loss of seed shattering was a key event in the domestication of major cereals. We revealed that the qSH1 gene, a major quantitative trait locus of seed shattering in rice, encodes a BEL1-type homeobox gene and demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' regulatory region of the qSH1 gene caused loss of seed shattering owing to the absence of abscission layer formation. Haplotype analysis and association analysis in various rice collections revealed that the SNP was highly associated with shattering among japonica subspecies of rice, implying that it was a target of artificial selection during rice domestication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konishi, Saeko -- Izawa, Takeshi -- Lin, Shao Yang -- Ebana, Kaworu -- Fukuta, Yoshimichi -- Sasaki, Takuji -- Yano, Masahiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1392-6. Epub 2006 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of the Society for Techno-Innovation of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Alleles ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/history ; Genes, Plant ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oryza/*genetics/history ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Seeds ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 364-366 (Dec. 2007), p. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study performs an experiment to investigate the effect of process variables such asrotational cutting speeds of the wheel, feed rate of the work-table and grinding depth of cut onsurface roughness and the fluctuations of grinding forces for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. STP-1623ADC surface grinding machine, grinding wheel with CBN material sintering and Ti-6Al-4Vtitanium alloy workpiece are used in the experiment. The roughness of the grinding surface wasmeasured by the roughness measuring instruments and the fluctuations of grinding forces weremeasured through dynamometer after each surface layer ground from the workpiece in theexperiment. The grinding performance can be ascertained from the signal fluctuations phenomenaof the grinding forces both along normal and tangential directions, which may also be utilized as anindex for the quality of surface finish judgment. The results show that excellent surface qualitybeing always consistent with the stable grinding force fluctuations and can be obtained under theconditions of slow feed rate of the work-table, high revolutions of the wheel and shallow depth ofcut
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 364-366 (Dec. 2007), p. 265-271 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The accuracy and surface roughness of a machined component is strongly dominated bythe dynamic characteristics of the machine tool while the most important factor related to precisionmachining is the dynamic behaviors during cutting processes. The main objective of this study is todevelop a thermo-elastic-plastic coupling dynamic cutting model under large deformation forprecision machining and so that the model can be used to predict several variations of cuttingmechanics variables. The flow stress in the model is considered as a function of strain, strain rateand temperature and the critical value of the strain energy density of the workpiece is utilized as achip separation criterion. A powerful FEM software is adopted to create a complete numericalsolution for this model. During the analysis, the cutting tool is incrementally advanced forward in astep-by-step manner, from an incipient stage of tool-workpiece engagement to a steady state of chipformation. Three different dynamic cutting processes are introduced in this study, i.e., wave cutting,wave removing and wave on wave cutting. Various levels of frequencies, of amplitudes and ofphase angle associated with different kinds of sinusoidal surface waviness are arranged during eachsimulation case. A whole simulation of dynamic cutting process is undertaken and the fluctuationsof the dynamic cutting force during each dynamic cutting process are determined
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 364-366 (Dec. 2007), p. 973-979 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Due to the light weight and electromagnetic interference shielding capabilities inmagnesium alloy material, it is widely utilized in 3C electronic components and automobile parts.However, its formability is very poor due to the phenomenon of negative strain hardening rateappearing as the deformation in large strain range, so it is usually formed as die casting or castingstyles leads to much scrap, and manufacturing cost is thus increased. The objective of this study isto investigate the effect of process parameters on T-shape tube hydro-forming characteristics formagnesium alloy and it may offer the data resulting from the analysis to predict an acceptableproduct of tube fitting for magnesium alloy forming in industry. AZ31 magnesium alloy tube isused as the billet material for hydro-forming with hydraulic pressure as the main forming powercombined with the mechanical auxiliary force from the punch to fabricate the T-shape tubingproducts. Finite element code DEFORM-3D is adopted to investigate the forming states of T-shapetube forming, by changing process parameters; such as punch velocity, hydraulic pressure, filletradius of the die and tool-workpiece interface friction etc. to investigate the material flow of tubefitting, wall thickness variations, and stress and strain distributions. By qualifying the formingprocesses whether if it is completed or not, and synthesizing the overall analysis and judgment, weestablish an admissible level of process parameter range for complete tube manufacture. The resultsshow that suitable mechanical force can help material flow, prevent large strain deformation fallinginto the area of negative strain hardening rate, enhance magnesium alloy to become easy in formingand make tube fitting to be formed successfully
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 364-366 (Dec. 2007), p. 1009-1014 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High speed machining is very popular and widely used in industry recently, and it hasbeen accepted as a key technology for die and mold steel manufacturing because it has muchadvantage as compared with conventional machining such as low cutting resistance, low cuttingheat generation and high production rate, etc. The finite element method is utilized in this study tosimulate the processes of chip formation during high speed machining of SKD11 die steelworkpiece step by step from an incipient of tool-workpiece engagement to a steady state of chipformation. The effects of different combinations of cutting conditions such as cutting velocity, feedrate, rake angle and nose radius of the tool on the curly types of chip formation are investigatedthoroughly for establishing the related skill for high speed machining or for predicting the chipmorphology in advance
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 364-366 (Dec. 2007), p. 1026-1031 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Different materials coated on milling tools (tungsten carbide) such as TiCN, TiAlN, TiNand DLC are integrated in this study for the analysis of cutting performance such as tool wear,surface roughness and noise induced in high-speed machining of mold steels such as NAK80 andSKD61 under different combinations of cutting conditions. The study attempts to find out theadvantages and adaptabilities in various coating materials being suitable for which cuttingcircumferences with specific performance request.High-speed milling experiments of NAK80 and SKD61 mold steels with four materials coatingtools were carried out in the laboratory. The tool wear was measured through the toolmaker’smicroscope and the roughness of the machined surface was measured by the roughness measuringinstruments after each surface layer was removed from the workpiece in the experiment. Besides,the noise-mediator was used to detect cutting noise during each surface layer workpiece removingof high-speed milling process, and the curl chips removed from the workpiece were also collectedfor the result verifications.Good surface quality and small amount of tool wear can be achieved under the cutting conditionsof high-speed revolutions, small feed rate and small depth of cut for four materials coating tools.From the observations of the annealing temperature from the removed chips and the analysis of thecutting noise levels, TiAlN material coating tool has the better tool life and it is suitable for rougherhigh-speed machining, while DLC material coating tool only has a good surface roughness inshallow cut and hence it is not suitable for high-speed machining of mold steel with excellentcutting performance request
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 505-507 (Jan. 2006), p. 895-900 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a methodology for obtaining an optimal parting line of an injectionmould based on FEM analysis and managements. This research utilizes Taguchi’s method to design a DATABASE for the gate position and warping of parts. Firstly, it sets up an injection model via a CAD system, and secondly, utilizes FEM to analyze the warp of the injection mould in different gate positions. Because of different gate positions, the parts experienced extreme differences in the amount of warping. This paper applies the neural network (abductive network) to build the relationship (database) between the gate position and amount of warp. Engineers can use thisdatabase without recourse to a CAD model and FEM solution to predict the amount of warping at different gate positions. This procedure saves time in building CAD models and on carrying out FEM analysis. The optimal parting line parameters can then be reached through a Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization algorithm. The methodology uses multi-objective function criteria, with a performance index to obtain perfect parts. This method of database management can offer various design fields of injection mould (e.g., design of gating and runner, and design of coolingsystem). It already achieves real optimization of design for injection moulding
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 505-507 (Jan. 2006), p. 769-774 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Both the minimum relative depth of die cavity and the minimum amount required in preforming are determined to produce a defect-free product of tubular component in the preforming technique of radial extrusion in this study. This scheme is based on the least amount of material dissipation in radial extrusion of tubular component. A finite element based code is utilized to investigate the effects of various relative depths of die cavity, different percentage of preforming and relative height reduction on the material flow characteristics resulting in the movements of the defectslocations. The abductive network is also applied to synthesize the data sets obtained from the numerical simulations. Consequently, a prediction model is established for organizing the minimum relative depth of die cavity and the related minimum amount required in preforming of the tubularcomponent for different end strokes of deformation
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-10-10
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-10-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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