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  • Geophysics  (4)
  • Space Sciences (General)  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (5)
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  • 1
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    HIRDLS Observations and Simulation of a Lower Stratospheric Intrusion of Tropical Air to High Latitudes (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: On 26 January 2006, the High Resolution Dynamic Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) observed low mixing ratios of ozone and nitric acid in an approximately 2 km vertical layer near 100 hPa extending from the subtropics to 55 degrees N over North America. The subsequent evolution of the layer is simulated with the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) model and substantiated with HIRDLS observations. Air with low mixing ratios of ozone is transported poleward to 80 degrees N. Although there is evidence of mixing with extratropical air and diabatic descent, much of the tropical intrusion returns to the subtropics. This study demonstrates that HIRDLS and the GMI model are capable of resolving thin intrusion events. The observations combined with simulation are a first step towards development of a quantitative understanding of the lower stratospheric ozone budget.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Temperature Dependence of Factors Controlling Isoprene Emissions (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: We investigated the relationship of variability in the formaldehyde (HCHO) columns measured by the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to isoprene emissions in the southeastern United States for 2005-2007. The data show that the inferred, regional-average isoprene emissions varied by about 22% during summer and are well correlated with temperature, which is known to influence emissions. Part of the correlation with temperature is likely associated with other causal factors that are temperature-dependent. We show that the variations in HCHO are convolved with the temperature dependence of surface ozone, which influences isoprene emissions, and the dependence of the HCHO column to mixed layer height as OMI's sensitivity to HCHO increases with altitude. Furthermore, we show that while there is an association of drought with the variation in HCHO, drought in the southeastern U.S. is convolved with temperature.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; Volume 36
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Estimation of Stratospheric Age Spectrum from Chemical Tracers (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We have developed a technique to diagnose the stratospheric age spectrum and estimate the mean age of air using the distributions of at least four constituents with different photochemical lifetimes. We demonstrate that the technique works using a 3D CTM and then apply the technique to UMS CLAES January 1993 observations of CFC11, CFC12, CH4 and N2O. Our results are generally in agreement with mean age of air estimates from the chemical model and from observations of SF6 and CO2; however, the mean age estimates show an intrusion of very young tropical air into the mid-latitude stratosphere. This feature is consistent with mixing of high N20 air out of the tropics during the westerly phase of the QBO.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 4
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    Sensitivity of Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss to Uncertainties in Chemical Reaction Kinetics (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Several recent observational and laboratory studies of processes involved in polar stratospheric ozone loss have prompted a reexamination of aspect of out understanding for this key indicator of global change. To a large extent, our confidence in understanding and projecting changes in polar and global ozone is based on our ability to to simulate these process in numerical models of chemistry and transport. These models depend on laboratory-measured kinetic reaction rates and photlysis cross section to simulate molecular interactions. In this study we use a simple box-model scenario for Antarctic ozone to estimate the uncertainty in loss attributable to known reaction kinetic uncertainties. Following the method of earlier work, rates and uncertainties from the latest laboratory evaluation are applied in random combinations. We determine the key reaction and rates contributing the largest potential errors and compare the results to observations to evaluate which combinations are consistent with atmospheric data. Implications for our theoretical and practical understanding of polar ozone loss will be assessed.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Polar Chlorine Chemistry Workshop/Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate; Jun 15, 2008 - Jun 20, 2008; Cambridge; United Kingdom
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  • 5
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    Estimating when the Antarctic Ozone Hole will Recover (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The Antarctic ozone hole develops each year and culminates by early spring (late September - early October). The severity of the hole has been assessed from satellites using the minimum total ozone value from the October monthly mean (depth of the hole) and by calculating the average area coverage during this September-October period. Profile information shows that ozone is completely destroyed in the 14-2 1 km layer by early October. Ozone is mainly destroyed by halogen (chlorine and bromine) catalytic cycles, and these losses are modulated by temperature variations. Because atmospheric halogen levels are responding to international a'greements that limit or phase out production, the amount of halogens in the stratosphere should decrease over the next few decades. Using projections of halogen levels combined with age-of-air estimates, we find that the ozone hole is recovering at an extremely slow rate and that large ozone holes will regularly recur over the next 2 decades. We estimate that the ozone hole will begin to show first signs of size decrease in about 2023, and the hole will fully recover to pre-1980 levels in approximately 2070. Estimates of the ozone hole's recovery from models reveal important differences that will be discussed.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: Symposium for the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol; Sep 23, 2007 - Sep 26, 2007; Athens; Greece
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