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  • 2005-2009  (39)
  • 2000-2004  (31)
  • 1
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    Simulations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models (2007)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The status of the numerical reproduction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) by current global models was assessed through diagnoses of four pairs of coupled and uncoupled simulations. Slow eastward propagation of the MJO, especially in low-level zonal wind, is realistic in all these simulations. However, the simulated MJO suffers from several common problems. The MJO signal in precipitation is generally too weak and often eroded by an unrealistic split of an equatorial maximum of precipitation into a double ITCZ structure over the western Pacific. The MJO signal in low-level zonal wind, on the other hand, is sometimes too strong over the eastern Pacific but too weak over the Indian Ocean. The observed phase relationship between precipitation and low-level zonal wind associated with the MJO in the western Pacific and their coherence in general are not reproduced by the models. The seasonal migration in latitude of MJO activity is missing in most simulations. Air–sea coupling generally strengthens the simulated eastward propagating signal, but its effects on the phase relationship and coherence between precipitation and low-level zonal wind, and on their geographic distributions, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability are inconsistent among the simulations. Such inconsistency cautions generalization of results from MJO simulations using a single model. In comparison to observations, biases in the simulated MJO appear to be related to biases in the background state of mean precipitation, low-level zonal wind, and boundary-layer moisture convergence. This study concludes that, while the realistic simulations of the eastward propagation of the MJO are encouraging, reproducing other fundamental features of the MJO by current global models remains an unmet challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: 573-592
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: oscillation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Climate regime variability for past and present time slices simulated by the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (2009)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, 22(1), pp. 58-70
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-cellular localization of Ni in the hyperaccumulator, Hybanthus floribundus (Lindley) F. Muell (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cellular and subcellular distribution of Ni within leaves of Hybanthus floribundus (Lindley) F. Muell, a hyperaccumulator of Ni, was investigated at relatively high spatial resolution using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX). Elemental distribution maps showed that Ni was predominantly localized in the vacuoles of epidermal cells in the leaves. Quantification of Ni revealed concentrations up to 275 mmol kg−1 (embedded tissue) in some epidermal vacuoles. The accumulation of Ni in these cells was associated with a decrease in the concentration of Na and K. There was no indication that Ni was associated with P, S or Cl in the vacuoles. Ni was also concentrated on the outside of cell walls throughout the leaves, indicating that apoplastic compartmentation is also involved in Ni tolerance and accumulation in this plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-8025.2003.01170.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forage quality of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) × Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) hybrids and their grass companion when grown over three harvest years (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Interspecific hybrids between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) have been developed to introgress the rhizomatous growth habit into white clover, to increase persistence and drought tolerance. The forage quality of T. repens, T. ambiguum and the backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) hybrids and companion grass, when grown in mixtures with an intermediate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under a cutting-only management, was measured. In vitro dry-matter digestibility (DMD), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentrations of the legume and grass fractions were measured throughout the growing season over three harvest years. Trifolium repens had a lower WSC but a higher CP concentration than the perennial ryegrass companion in all harvest years and at all cuts. The legume fractions from the BC1 and BC2 hybrid plots had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration but an in vitro DMD value comparable with white clover throughout the growing season and in each harvest year. The grass fractions from the mixtures with the backcross hybrids had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration than the grass fraction from the T. repens plots, in all harvest years and throughout the growing season. No difference in in vitro DMD between parental species and backcross hybrids was observed. The implications of these results for the development of these hybrids and animal performance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2004.00409.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forage yield and persistency of Trifolium repens × Trifolium nigrescens hybrids when sown with a perennial ryegrass companion (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Introgression of reproductive traits from ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.) into white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one breeding strategy to improve seed yields of T. repens that must be achieved without sacrificing agronomic performance and persistency. The yield and persistency of hybrids between white clover and the annual, profuse flowering species T. nigrescens were compared under a cutting regime over three harvest years. The hybrids included the F1 and the backcross (BC) 1, 2 and 3 generations produced using T. repens as the recurrent parent. Parental species and hybrids were sown with a perennial ryegrass companion; clover and perennial ryegrass dry-matter (DM) yield and the proportion of clover present were measured over the growing season. In the third harvest year, a portion of each plot was grazed. Differences were observed between T. nigrescens, the F1 and the backcross hybrids and T. repens. In the first and second harvest years, clover DM yield, the proportion of clover present and total DM yield of the backcross hybrids were similar to T. repens, whereas that of the T. nigrescens and the F1 hybrid were negligible. No significant difference in perennial ryegrass production was observed between the parental species and the hybrids when grown, respectively, in combination with these species and hybrids. In the third harvest year, clover DM yield and the proportion of clover present with the BC3 was lower than with T. repens. Throughout the growing season the DM production of T. repens and the backcross hybrids was similar. In the third harvest year, under cutting, DM yield of T. repens was greatest and that of the BC3 lowest, but under grazing, the yields of the BC1 and BC3 were greater than T. repens and the BC2. The implication of these results for the future development of these hybrids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00321.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dry matter production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) and their associated hybrids when grown with a grass companion over 3 harvest years (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dry matter (DM) production of Trifolium repens, T. ambiguum and the backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) hybrids with T. repens as the recurrent parent were compared in mixtures with an intermediate heading variety of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under a cutting-only management over 3 harvest years. Plots of parental legume species and backcross hybrids were established from small plantlets and oversown with the companion grass. In the first harvest year, the DM yield of clover in T. repens plots was greater than that in the BC2 plots and both greater than in the BC1 plots, whilst in the second and third harvest years differences between the DM yield of clover in the T. repens and the BC1 and BC2 hybrid plots were small. Similar results were obtained for the DM yield of total herbage. There were also differences in seasonal growth in the first harvest year, when yield of clover in T. repens plots was greater than in the BC1 and BC2 hybrid plots at early cuts but not at later cuts. Few differences in seasonal growth were observed between parental species and hybrids in subsequent harvest years. Comparison of above- and below-ground biomass showed more DM in roots and rhizome of clover in the backcrosses than in the T. repens plots in the second harvest year but differences were less evident in the third harvest year. The clover in the backcross hybrid plots also had fewer stolon growing points per quadrat than the T. repens plots, but the BC2 had more than the BC1 plots. The exploitation of these hybrids in breeding programmes as a strategy to improve the persistence and drought tolerance of white clover is discussed and implications for forage production considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00354.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forage yield and persistency of Trifolium repens × Trifolium nigrescens hybrids under rotational sheep grazing (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Introgression of reproductive traits from the annual, profuse flowering, ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.) into white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one breeding strategy to improve seed yields of T. repens that must be achieved without sacrificing agronomic performance and persistency under grazing. The yield and persistency of hybrids between white clover and T. nigrescens were compared under rotational sheep grazing over three harvest years. The hybrids included the backcross (BC) 2 and 3 generations produced using white clover as the recurrent parent. The large-leaved T. repens variety Olwen, medium-leaved varieties AberDai and Menna and the small-leaved variety S184 were sown as controls. Hybrids and control varieties were sown with a perennial ryegrass companion; between April and the end of October in each harvest year the plots were rotationally grazed with sheep with clover and perennial ryegrass (DM) yield and the proportion of clover present measured over the growing season. The clover and total DM yields of the BC2 and BC3 were generally comparable with the small- and medium-leaved varieties within the experiment and significantly greater than the yields of the large-leaved variety Olwen. Throughout the 3 years of the experiment the BC2 maintained a clover content above 0·30 and comparable with the small-leaved varieties, while the clover content of the BC3 was comparable with the small- and medium-leaved varieties in the first and third harvest years. No significant difference in perennial ryegrass production was observed when grown with the backcrosses or the control varieties. Differences in stolon and growing-point density were observed at the end of the experiment with the density of the BC2 and BC3 less than the small-leaved variety S184 but, in common with the medium-leaved varieties, greater than the large-leaved variety Olwen. The implication of these results for the use of this material in future experiments and in the white clover breeding programme is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00452.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forage quality of Trifolium repens L. × T. nigrescens Viv. hybrids (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Interspecific hybridization with the close relative Trifolium nigrescens Viv. (Ball clover) is a possible strategy to increase the seed yield potential of white clover (T. repens L.). Fertile F1 plants have been used as the basis for several generations of backcrossing using T. repens as the recurrent parent. Forage quality of the parental species and backcross hybrids when grown in mixtures with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was compared in field plots over three harvest years. The dry-matter digestibility (DMD) and crude protein (CP) concentration of the legume fraction was greater than that of perennial ryegrass, but the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of the legume components was lower than that of perennial ryegrass. Differences in forage quality between T. repens and the backcross hybrids were relatively small. The WSC concentration of the backcrosses was less than T. repens but the CP concentration was greater. Significant differences in the forage quality of the companion grass were observed when grown with the parental species and the hybrids; however, these differences were attributed to the plots with T. nigrescens and the F1 plants, where the clover content was low. Few differences in the forage quality of the grass were measured when grown with T. repens and the backcross hybrids. The impact of these results on the use of these hybrids in cultivar development programmes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00381.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing diversity in salmon from the Pacific Northwest (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Information developed during recently completed evaluations of the status of seven species of anadromous Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest was used to characterize patterns of intraspecific diversity along three major axes: ecology, life history and biochemical genetics. Within the study area, the species’ ranges, and therefore the number of distinct ecological regions inhabited differ considerably, with pink and chum salmon limited to the northern areas and chinook salmon and steelhead distributed over the widest geographic range. The species showed comparable differences in the patterns of life history and genetic diversity, with chinook and sockeye salmon and steelhead having the most major diversity groups and pink, chum and coho salmon having the least. Both life history and genetic diversity showed a strong, positive correlation with the extent of ecological diversity experienced by a species, and the correlation between the number of major genetic and life history groups within a species was even stronger (r=0.96; P〈0.05). Departures from these general diversity relationships found in some species (especially sockeye and coho salmon and cutthroat trout) can be explained by different interactions with the freshwater environment and, for cutthroat trout, by the occurrence of substantial intrapopulational diversity in life history traits, a hierarchical level not considered in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb01376.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polynomial hulls and $H^\infty$ control for a hypoconvex constraint (2000)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 317 (2000), S. 677-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We say that a subset of ${\mathbb C}^n $ is hypoconvex if its complement is the union of complex hyperplanes. Let $\Delta $ be the closed unit disk in ${\mathbb C}$ , $\Gamma=\partial\Delta$ . We prove two conjectures of Helton and Marshall. Let $\rho $ be a smooth function on $\Gamma\times{\mathbb C}^n$ whose sublevel sets have compact hypoconvex fibers over $\Gamma$ . Then, with some restrictions on $\rho $ , if Y is the set where $\rho $ is less than or equal to 1, the polynomial convex hull of Y is the union of graphs of analytic vector valued functions with boundary in Y. Furthermore, we show that the infimum $\inf_{f\in H^\infty(\Delta)^n}\|\rho(z,f(z))\|_\infty$ is attained by a unique bounded analytic f which in fact is also smooth on $\Gamma$ . We also prove that if $\rho$ varies smoothly with respect to a parameter, so does the unique f just found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004419
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