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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrialization, Economic Growth, and International Trade (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of international economics 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth, industrialization, and international trade in a two-sector endogenous growth model. With learning-by-doing, the economy grows perpetually along a balanced growth path, with manufacturing’s relative price declining continuously. Under trade, its pattern of trade and growth will be affected by external growth. If it remains diversified under trade, its growth can keep in pace with the rest of the world. If the growth rate of the rest of the world is higher than a certain limit, the economy cannot catch up and will eventually produce agriculture only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in motor vehicles and its effect on employment and air quality (1995)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 29 (1995), S. 315-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This study measures industrial output, employment and air pollution effects through the use of CNG in motor vehicles by utilizing the Pollution-Related Multiregional Household-Interactive Variable Input-Output (PHVIO) model. The impact analyses are conducted with three consecutive year scenarios of different level of CNG conversion of motor fleet vehicles for the target year, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The use of CNG in bus and truck vehicles of private businesses, consumers, and state and local governments produces the ’substitution‘ effect and ’income‘ effect. The use of CNG reduces the costs of transportation, and the output, employment and air pollution effects of the reduced transportation costs are referred as the substitution effect. The use of CNG increases natural gas consumption and requires CNG duel engine installation while it decrease gasoline consumption. The output, employment and air pollution effects of this final demand change are referred to the income effect. The industrial output and employment effects are measured in Oklahoma and the Rest of the U.S. Then Oklahoma State industrial and employment effects are divided into Oklahoma SMSA, Tulsa SMSA and the Rest of Oklakoma. Finally, the stationary source air pollution due to industrial effects and mobiles source air pollution due to CNG using motor vehicles are measured in Oklahoma SMSA and Tulsa SMSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Involvement of Phosphohydrolases in Mineralization: Studies on Enzymatic Activities Extracted from Red Deer Antler (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 232-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Antler — Alkaline phosphatase — Phosphodiesterase I — Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase — 5′-nucleotidase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The process of growth of red deer antler ``bone'' is very similar to the endochondral growth of long bones. The growth zones of the antler are temporally organized from the tip, in a proximal direction, permitting sequential aspects of antler development to be followed in serial transverse sections from the tip to the base. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALKPase, phosphodiesterase I, nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, and 5′-nucleotidase were measured in extracts of antler mineralizing tissue at different distances from the tip, and compared with mineralization, which peaked at ca. 60 mm. The activities of ALKPase and phosphodiesterase I were maximal at ca. 30 and 60 mm, respectively, suggesting that these enzymes are involved in different phases of mineralization. The patterns of distribution were similar to those determined from equivalent quantitative histochemical analyses, confirming the validity of both methods of assessment. The distribution of nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase also suggested that this enzyme is involved in mineralization, but the pattern of distribution was not as reproducible as for the other enzymes. 5′-Nucleotidase activity was distributed differently than the others and showed relatively constant levels at all distances. The results suggest that each of the four phosphohydrolases may have a different role in the process of mineralization. A tentative model suggesting functions for these phosphohydrolases and ATPases is presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900689
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in motor vehicles and its effect on employment and air quality (1995)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 29 (1995), S. 315-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This study measures industrial output, employment and air pollution effects through the use of CNG in motor vehicles by utilizing the Pollution-Related Multiregional Household-Interactive Variable Input-Output (PHVIO) model. The impact analyses are conducted with three consecutive year scenarios of different level of CNG conversion of motor fleet vehicles for the target year, 1991, 1992, and 1993. The use of CNG in bus and truck vehicles of private businesses, consumers, and state and local governments produces the ‘substitution’ effect and ‘income’ effect. The use of CNG reduces the costs of transportation, and the output, employment and air pollution effects of the reduced transportation costs are referred as the substitution effect. The use of CNG increases natural gas consumption and requires CNG duel engine installation while it decrease gasoline consumption. The output, employment and air pollution effects of this final demand change are referred to the income effect. The industrial output and employment effects are measured in Oklahoma and the Rest of the U.S. Then Oklahoma State industrial and employment effects are divided into Oklahoma SMSA, Tulsa SMSA and the Rest of Oklakoma. Finally, the stationary source air pollution due to industrial effects and mobiles source air pollution due to CNG using motor vehicles are measured in Oklahoma SMSA and Tulsa SMSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581783
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple endogenous growth model with endogenous fertility: Indeterminacy and uniqueness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 10 (1997), S. 97-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Endogenous growth ; endogenous fertility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper studies the equilibrium dynamics and indeterminacy of equilibria in an endogenous growth model with endogenous fertility choice. We characterize the conditions that give rise to an unique equilibrium as well as multiple equilibria. Whenever there exists a unique equilibrium, it will be globally determinate; when multiple equilibria arise, indeterminacy occurs. In particular, we find that two equilibria occur – one is associated with high fertility and low growth, while the other is associated with low fertility and high growth. A parameterized example is given to assess the empirical feasibility of our results. The validity of the neo-Malthusian relation between fertility and growth is then re-examined. Finally, we study the relation between growth and welfare and compare different balanced growth equilibria in terms of their lifetime-attained utility. JEL classifications: O41, J13
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of CO2 laser beam absorptance as a function of temperature for steels by the numerical method (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 784-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature distributions were measured during the irradiation of a CO2 laser beam at one end of a rod-shaped specimen and at the centre of a thin plate-shaped specimen. Regarding the measured temperature distributions as one-dimensional and two-dimensional unsteady state heat transfer solutions, CO2 laser beam absorptances were calculated using a modified finite difference method. Temperature dependence of thermal properties, heat loss due to convection and latent heat during melting of the specimen were taken into account in this numerical calculation. Increasing the specimen temperature from room temperature to melting point, absorptances of STS304 stainless steel and SM45C steel were calculated as 8 ∼ 40% and 6 ∼ 41% for the one-dimensional calculation, and as 9.3 ∼ 41% and 5 ∼ 41% for the two-dimensional calculation, respectively. These calculated absortances were very close to theoretical values at relatively low temperature, which were calculated from the electrical resistivities of the specimens. Increasing the temperature of the specimens, absorptances increased considerably due to oxidation of the specimens. Regardless of specimen composition and specimen dimension, both absorptances showed nearly the same value of 41% at their melting points, in which the structures of both metals became amorphous phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Description of two-metal biosorption equilibria by Langmuir-type models (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 451-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biosorption ; cadmium ; copper ; zinc ; two-systems ; ascophyllum nodosum ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A biosorbent prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed biomass, FCAN2, was examined for its sorption capacity. Equilibrium batch sorption studies were performed using two-matal systems containing either (Cu + Zn), (Cu + Cd), or (Zn + Cd). In the evaluation of the two-metal sorption system performance, simple isotherm curves had to be replaced by three-dimensional sorption isotherm surfaces. In order to describe the isotherm surfaces mathematically, three Langmuir-type models were evaluated. The apparent one-parameter Langmuir constant (b) was used to quantify FCAN2 “affinity” for one metal in the presence of another one. The uptake of Zn decreased drastically when Cu or Cd were present. The uptake of Cd wasmuch more sensitive to the presence of Cu than to that of Zn. The presence of Cd and Zn alter the “affinity” of FCAN2 for Cu the least at high Cu equilibrium concentrations. The mathematical model of the two-metal sorption system enabled quantitative estimation of one-metal (bio)sorption inhibition due to the influence of a second metal. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal biosorption equilibria in a ternary system (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 629-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biosorption ; Ascophyllum nodosum ; cadmium ; copper ; zinc ; three-metal system ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equilibrium metal uptake performance of a biosorbent prepared from Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed biomass was studied using aqueous solutions containing copper, cadmium, and zinc ions in binary and ternary mixtures. Triangular equilibrium diagrams can graphically represent all the ternary equilibrium sorption data. Application of the multicomponent Langmuir model to describe the three-metal system revealed its nonideal characteristics, whereby the value of apparent dissociation constants for the respective metals differed for each system. This restricted the prediction of the ternary equilibria from the binary systems. However, some predictions of the ternary system behavior from the model were consistent with experimental data and with conclusions postulated from the three possible binary subsystems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spheroplast rate assay for determination of cell wall integrity in yeast (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 14 (1998), S. 1159-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: cell walls ; protease ; β-glucanase ; lysis ; yeast ; antifungal drugs ; glucan ; mannoprotein ; S. cerevisiae ; C. albicans ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rate of formation of spheroplasts of yeast can be used as an assay to study the structural integrity of cell walls. Lysis can be measured spectrophotometrically in hypotonic solution in the presence of Zymolyase, a mixture of cell wall-digesting enzymes. The optical density of the cell suspension decreases as the cells lyse. We optimized this assay with respect to enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and growth conditions for several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The level of variability (standard deviation) was 1-5% between trials where the replications were performed on the same culture using enzyme prepared from the same lot, and 5-15% for different cultures of the same strain. This assay can quantitate differences in cell wall structure (1) between exponentially growing and stationary phase cells, (2) among different S. cerevisiae strains, (3) between S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, (4) between parental and mutated lines, and (5) between drug- or chemically-treated cells and controls. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    Minimally invasive molecular delivery into the brain using optical modulation of vascular permeability (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-16
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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