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  • 1
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    State Dependence of Atmospheric Response to Extratropical North Pacific SST Anomalies (2016)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Description: By performing two sets of high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, we find that the atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the extratropical North Pacific is sensitive to decadal variations of the background SST on which the SST anomaly is superimposed. The response in the first set of experiments, in which the SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1981-1990, strongly differs from the response in the second experiment, in which the same SST anomaly is superimposed on the observed daily SST of 1991-2000. The atmospheric response over the North Pacific during 1981-1990 is eddy-mediated, equivalent barotropic and concentrated in the east. In contrast, the atmospheric response during 1991-2000 is weaker and strongest in the west. The results are discussed in terms of Rossby wave dynamics, with the proposed primary wave source switching from baroclinic eddy vorticity forcing over the eastern North Pacific in 1981-1990 to mean flow divergence over the western North Pacific in 1991-2000. The wave source changes are linked to the decadal reduction of daily SST variability over the eastern North Pacific and strengthening of the Oyashio Extension front over the western North Pacific. Thus, both daily and frontal aspects of the background SST variability in determining the atmospheric response to extratropical North Pacific SST anomalies are emphasized by our AGCM experiments.
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 2
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    The Importance of a Properly Represented Stratosphere for Northern Hemisphere Surface Variability in the Atmosphere and the Ocean (2018)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0894-8755
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0442
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 3
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    North Atlantic multi-decadal variability - mechanisms and predictability (2015)
    World Scientific Publishing Company
    In:  In: Climate Change: Multidecadal and Beyond. , ed. by Chang, C. P., Ghil, M., Latif, M. and Wallace, M. World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, 6 . World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapure, pp. 141-157. ISBN 978-9814579926
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-11
    Description: The North Atlantic Ocean undergoes pronounced basin-wide, multi-decadal variations. The corresponding fluctuations in sea surface temperature (SST) have become known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) or Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV). AMV is receiving increasing attention for three key reasons: (1) it has been linked to climate impacts of major socio-economic importance, such as Sahel rainfall; (2) it may temporarily mask anthropogenic global warming not only in the North Atlantic Sector, but over the Northern Hemisphere (NH); and (3) it appears to be predictable on decadal timescales. This chapter provides an overview of current understanding of AMV, summarizing proposed mechanisms, our ability to simulate and predict it, as well as challenges for future research.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Internal Southern Ocean Centennial Variability: Dynamics, Impacts and Implications for Global Warming. Climate Change: Multidecadal and Beyond (2015)
    World Scientific Publishing Company
    In:  In: Climate Change: Multidecadal and Beyond. , ed. by Chang, C. P., Ghil, M., Latif, M. and Wallace, J. M. World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate, 6 . World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore, pp. 109-124. ISBN 978-981-4579-92-6
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-22
    Description: It is well established that centennial climate variability can be externally forced by, e.g., quasi-oscillatory fluctuations of the solar constant or slowly varying atmospheric aerosol concentrations in association with changes of volcanic activity. Climate models recently suggested that substantial centennial variability can be also produced internally, and different competing mechanisms have been proposed. This paper deals with the internal centennial variability originating in the Southern Ocean Sector simulated by the Kiel Climate Model (KCM). In that model, the Southern Ocean centennial variability (SOCV) is linked to Weddell Sea deep convection activity and drives regional as well as global climate variations, as witnessed, for example, by coherent changes in Antarctic sea ice extent and globally averaged surface air temperature (SAT). Furthermore, the SOCV is associated with changes in deep Southern Ocean temperature in the KCM. Interestingly, a warming of the abyssal Southern Ocean has been observed during the recent decades, suggesting a contribution from SOCV. Another important impact of the SOCV in the model concerns the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC strengthens and deepens after the cessation of Weddell Sea deep convection and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation with a time delay of several decades to a century. Internal North Atlantic sea level variations can be as large as ± 15cm/century in the model with a strong contribution from the SOCV. Such regional sea level variations are of the same order of magnitude as the observed globally averaged 20th century sea level rise amounting to about 15-20cm. Finally, the KCM simulation suggests that the SOCV may have contributed to the current hiatus in global warming through an enhanced deep ocean heat uptake.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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