ALBERT

Description: Concentrations of alkenones were analysed in core H7 from Hala Hu, China by means of an Agilent 7890A gas chromatography (GC) instrument, equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD; Agilent 5975C Series) and a flame ionization detector (FID; Agilent 7683B Series). For the GC, an Agilent VF-200ms column (60 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) was used. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m water depth) of the lake and extends from 212 to 636 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is 7462 - 23610 cal yr BP.

Description: Hydrogen isotope composition of aquatic (mid-chain n-alkenes, C20-HBIs, C37-alkenones) and terrestrial (long-chain n-alkanes) biomarker groups were analysed in core H7 from Hala Hu, China. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extends from 212 to 636 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is 7462 - 23610 cal yr BP. After quantification of compounds, for separate δD-analysis of n-alkanes and n-alkenes, the non-polar aliphatic fraction was further split chromatographically into a saturated and unsaturated fraction, using aluminum-coated silicagel as stationary phase and hexane and DCM as solvents. To obtain sufficient amounts for isotope analysis, in some cases several samples have been merged, especially in the older section of the core. Compound specific hydrogen isotope values were then obtained by using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). We used a Thermo Scientific® Trace GC equipped with a Restek RTX-5 column (30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm). The GC was connected via a GC Isolink with high temperature combustion furnace (1400 °C) and a Conflo IV interface to a Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The δD values of the alkenones were determined by a GC/Thermal Conversion/isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer (GC-TC-irMS). For this a GC, equipped with a CPsil 5 CB column (25 meters, 0.32 mm inner diameter, film thickness 0.4 μm) was coupled to a GC-isolink I via a Conflo IV to a Thermo Electron DELTA V mass spectrometer.

Description: Concentrations of alkenones were analysed in core H11 from Hala Hu, China by means of an Agilent 7890A gas chromatography (GC) instrument, equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD; Agilent 5975C Series) and a flame ionization detector (FID; Agilent 7683B Series). For the GC, an Agilent VF-200ms column (60 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) was used. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m water depth) of the lake and extends from 0 to 212 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is modern - 9216 cal yr BP.

Description: Concentrations of aquatic (mid-chain n-alkenes, C20-HBIs) and terrestrial (long-chain n-alkanes) biomarker groups were analysed in core H11 from Hala Hu, China. The compounds were quantified relative to an internal standard (5α-androstane) using an Agilent 7890A gas chromatography (GC) instrument, equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD; Agilent 5975C Series) and a flame ionization detector (FID; Agilent 7683B Series). For the GC, a Restek DB-5 column (30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) was used. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extends from 0 to 212 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is modern - 9216 cal yr BP.

Description: Concentrations of monoanhydrous sugars (firemarkers) were analysed in core H11 from Hala Hu, China. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4,078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extends from 0 to 212 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is modern - 9216 cal yr BP. Compounds were quantified by means of ion chromatography (IC Dionex ICS 5000, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, USA), coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer (MSQ Plus™, Thermo Scientific), which was equipped with a CarboPac MA1™ column (Thermo Scientific, 2 mm x 250 mm) and an Amino Trap column (2 mm x 50 mm).

Description: Concentrations of aquatic (mid-chain n-alkenes, C20-HBIs) and terrestrial (long-chain n-alkanes) biomarker groups were analysed in core H7 from Hala Hu, China. The compounds were quantified relative to an internal standard (5α-androstane) using an Agilent 7890A gas chromatography (GC) instrument, equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD; Agilent 5975C Series) and a flame ionization detector (FID; Agilent 7683B Series). For the GC, a Restek DB-5 column (30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm) was used. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extends from 212 to 636 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is 7462 - 23610 cal yr BP.

Description: Hydrogen isotope composition of aquatic (mid-chain n-alkenes, C20-HBIs, C37-alkenones) and terrestrial (long-chain n-alkanes) biomarker groups were analysed in core H11 from Hala Hu, China. The lake is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. The core was drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extends from 0 to 212 cm sediment depth. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time period is modern - 9216 cal yr BP. For separate δD-analysis of n-alkanes and n-alkenes, after quantification the non-polar aliphatic fraction was further split chromatographically into a saturated and unsaturated fraction, using aluminum-coated silicagel as stationary phase and hexane and DCM as solvents. Compound specific hydrogen isotope values were then obtained by using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). We used a Thermo Scientific® Trace GC equipped with a Restek RTX-5 column (30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm). The GC was connected via a GC Isolink with high temperature combustion furnace (1400 °C) and a Conflo IV interface to a Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The δD values of the alkenones were determined by a GC/Thermal Conversion/isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer (GC-TC-irMS). For this a GC, equipped with a CPsil 5 CB column (25 meters, 0.32 mm inner diameter, film thickness 0.4 μm) was coupled to a GC-isolink I via a Conflo IV to a Thermo Electron DELTA V mass spectrometer.

Description: Hala Hu is located on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (97.24 - 97.47°E, 38.12 - 38.25°N, 4,078 m above sea level), along the modern marginal zone between the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) and westerlies influences. Cores H11 and H7 were drilled at the deepest point (65 m) of the lake and extend from 0 - 262 cm (H11) and from 212 to 636 cm (H7) depth, respectively. According to the age-model (Yan et al., 2020) the covered time periods are modern to 9216 cal yr BP and 7462 - 23610 cal yr BP. We analysed the concentrations and hydrogen isotopic compositions of different aquatic (alkenones, mid-chain n-alkenes, C20-HBIs) and terrestrial (long-chain n-alkanes) biomarker groups. Further, monoanhydrous sugars (firemarkers) were analysed in core H11. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate hydroclimate dynamics and ecosystem responses since the last glacial, in a typical glacier influenced, high-altitude and lacustrine ecosystem.