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    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Significant progress has been made in understanding the structure of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and their role in determining the end use quality of wheat grains. However, few reports have dealt with the development and characterization of knock out mutants for HMW glutenin subunit genes. Here, the molecular analysis of MB14, a mutant derived from an elite Chinese wheat variety Xiaoyan 54 through chemical mutagenesis is described. SDS-PAGE and Western blot experiments revealed that, in the seeds of homozygous MB14 plants, the expression of the 1Bx14 subunit was specifically blocked whereas the remaining four subunits (1Ax1, 1By15, 1Dx2, 1Dy12) accumulated to levels comparable to those in the wild type plants. The 5′-flanking region and the open reading frame (ORF) of the mutant 1Bx14 allele were amplified and compared to the corresponding regions of wild type 1Bx14. The nucleotide sequences of the 5′-flanking regions from the mutant and wild type 1Bx14 alleles were identical. However, the ORF of the mutant allele differed from that of the wild type 1Bx14 by three point substitutions, one of which resulted in a premature stop codon in the mutant ORF. Interestingly, the mutant 1Bx14 allele was still transcribed in the developing seeds, but no truncated translation product could be detected by Western blot analysis. Potential application of the 1Bx14 knock out mutant in studying the biological function of 1Bx14 and its contribution to the end use quality control in hexaploid wheat is discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tetraploid cotton is one of the most extensively cultivated species. Two tetraploid species, Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L., dominate the world's cotton production. To better understand the genetic basis of cotton fibre traits for the improvement of fibre quality, a genetic linkage map of tetraploid cotton was constructed using sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). A total of 238 SRAP primer combinations, 368 SSR primer pairs and 600 RAPD primers were used to screen polymorphisms between G. hirsutum cv. Handan208 and G. barbadense cv. Pima90 which revealed 749 polymorphic loci in total (205 SSRs, 107 RAPDs and 437 SRAPs). Sixty-nine F2 progeny from the interspecific cross of ‘Handan208’בPima90’ were genotyped with the 749 polymorphic markers. A total of 566 loci were assembled into 41 linkage groups with at least three loci in each group. Twenty-eight linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosomes by SSR markers with known chromosome locations. The map covered 5141.8 cM with a mean interlocus space of 9.08 cM. A × test for significance of deviations from the expected ratio (1: 2: 1 or 3: 1) identified 135 loci (18.0%) with skewed segregation, most of which had an excess of maternal parental alleles. In total, 13 QTL associated with fibre traits were detected, among which two QTL were for fibre strength, four for fibre length and seven for micronaire value. These QTL were on nine linkage groups explaining 16.18-28.92% of the trait variation. Six QTL were located in the A subgenome, six QTL in the D subgenome and one QTL in an unassigned linkage group. There were three QTL for micronaire value clustered on LG1, which would be very useful for improving this trait by molecular marker-assisted selection.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simple protocol of transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at a high frequency has been developed via Agrobacterium mediation, coupled with the use of embryogenic calli as explants. Embryogenic calli derived from only one to two somatic embryogenic calli lines of two Chinese cotton cultivars, the cvs. Ekang 9 and Jihe 321 which have low embryogenic potency were first inoculated with the A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary vector pBin438 carrying a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis-active Cry1Ac and API-B chimeric gene. Infected embryogenic calli were co-cultivated for 48 h and were then moved on to the selection medium with kanamycin (100 mg/l) for 7-8 weeks. Then, the kanamycin-resistant calli (Km1) subcultured in proliferation medium would re-differentiate to form somatic embryos in 30 days. Cotyledon embryos were transferred to 100-ml Erlenmeyer flasks for germination and regeneration. Putative transformants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Forty-five regenerated plants were successfully transferred to soil, of which 12 proved to have the active Cry1Ac and API-B chimeric gene. Insect resistance was tested by bioassay. The transgenic plants were highly resistant to cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigera) larvae, with mortality (insect resistance) ranging from 95.8 to 100%. In comparison with the methods used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotton hypocotyls or cotyledons, about 6 months are saved by using the method presented in this paper to obtain a large number of transgenic plants.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal shock strengths of a plate of a functionally graded material (FGM) are analyzed when the plate is suddenly exposed to an environmental medium of different temperature. A finite element/mode superposition method is proposed to solve the time-dependent temperature field. The admissible temperature jump that the material can sustain is studied using the stress-based and fracture mechanics-based criteria. The critical parameters governing the level of the transient thermal stress in the medium are identified. The strength of FGMs under transient thermal stresses is analyzed using both maximum local tensile stress and maximum stress intensity factor criteria.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 109-112 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: TEM, EDS and STEM were used to investigate distribution of Mo element in new CrMo steel ADF1 which is applied to 1300MPa high strength bolts with superior delayed fracture resistance. Research results reveal that Mo easily concentrates at grain boundaries. According to refined EDS point and mapping analysis, the region of Mo segregation at grain boundary is about several nanometers wide, and distribution of Mo along the grain boundary is not uniform. The average content of Mo at grain boundary is about double of that in grain area. Concentration of Mocan increase the bonding force of grain boundary, and this is of advantage to the improvement of strength and delayed fracture resistance of the new CrMo steel
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3535-3538 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two kinds of ZnO nanowires with different morphologies and characters were produced on Si (100) using a new PVD approach by heating and oxidizing Zn powders directly without any catalysts. The nanowires have an average diameter of 80nm (deposited at the evaporation source) and 30nm (deposited downstream of the evaporation source) respectively, and are evenly distributed overan area of 〉 20mm2. The two nanowires have complete different photoluminescence properties. One has a strong green emission (510nm) with a weak UV emission (380nm). The other has a strong and sharp UV emission (385nm), showing the capability for UV laser emitters
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 118 (Dec. 2006), p. 609-614 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bulk ultra fine grained (UFG) Zn was produced by in situ consolidation of Zn elementalpowder with ball milling at room temperature and annealed for 1 hour at 200[removed info] after pure Znmilled. The 150 % elongation is obtained in UFG Zn during tensile test at 20[removed info] which is equal to0.43 Tm (Tm is the melting temperature of pure Zn). The elongation of UFG Zn is higher than the110 % elongation of nanocrystalline Zn ball milled at tensile elongation. The largest tensileelongation (150%) was observed at room temperature in UFG Zn
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 101-104 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Plain low carbon steel produced by compact strip production (CSP) process was analyzed using TEM, EELS and XEDS. Nano-sized oxides and sulfides were observed in the steel. The nano-oxides are mainly ferrospinel of 〈20nm in size, and the nano-sulfides are MnS and FeS particles with size of 20-100 nm. They distributed both in grains and at grain boundaries. These nano precipitates could form in cast slab before heavy deformation by rolling process. It is proposed that besides the grain refinement, the nano-pricipitation plays an important role in yield strength enhancement. This mechanism may provide a new approach to strengthen plain low carbon steels
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 73-76 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Quantitative characterization of microstructural development during deformationenhanced transformation in a low carbon steel was investigated on a Gleeble 1500 machine. General conclusions of the features of austenite transformation kinetics during deformation-enhanced transformation were formulated. It was shown that the process of deformation-enhanced transformation can be divided into three stages according to the characteristics of transformation kinetics: The kinetics equations of two early stages fitted well in J-M-A equation. The kinetics of the first stage obeys Cahn’s site saturation mechanism, with the value of kinetics parameter n of 4. Ferrite nucleates at austenite grain boundaries and triple points during the first stage. Kinetics of the second stage doesn’t obey Cahn’s theory, with the value of kinetics parameter n of 1-1.5, corresponding to ferrite nucleation repeatedly at areas with high stored energy in front of the ferrite/austenite interface. The kinetics doesn’t obey the law of J-M-A equation any more in the final stage, and only fewnucleation sites left at this moment
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