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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inboard/outboard asymmetry of poloidal flow observed in the Compact Helical System (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The poloidal flow velocity and the density of fully ionized carbon were measured in the Compact Helical System [K. Ida et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 58 (1991)] using the charge exchange spectroscopy with the bidirectional viewing. The poloidal asymmetry of the poloidal flow velocity observed in the outward shifted plasma is due to the electrostatic potential being constant on the magnetic flux surfaces. The poloidal asymmetry of the ion density can be explained by the conservation of the poloidal ion flux under the strong toroidal viscosity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873826
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of the bifurcation nature of the electrostatic potential of a toroidal helical plasma (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4152-4183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The bifurcation nature of the electrostatic structure is studied in the toroidal helical plasma of the Compact Helical System (CHS) [K. Matsuoka et al., Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 411]. Observation of bifurcation-related phenomena is introduced, such as characteristic patterns of discrete potential profiles, and various patterns of self-sustained oscillations termed electric pulsation. Some patterns of the electrostatic structure are found to be quite important for fusion application owing to their association with transport barrier formation. It is confirmed, as is shown in several tokamak experiments, that the thermal transport barrier is linked with electrostatic structure through the radial electric field shear that can reduce the fluctuation resulting in anomalous transport. This article describes in detail spatio-temporal evolution during self-sustained oscillation, together with correlation between the radial electric field and other plasma parameters. An experimental survey to find dependence of the temporal and spatial patterns on plasma parameters is performed in order to understand systematically the bifurcation property of the toroidal helical plasma. The experimental results are compared with the neoclassical bifurcation property that is believed to explain the observed bifurcation property of the CHS plasmas. The present results show that the electrostatic property plays an essential role in the structural formation of toroidal helical plasmas, and demonstrate that toroidal plasma is an open system with a strong nonlinearity to provide a new attractive problem to be studied. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290483
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of ultra-intense laser plasma interactions for fast ignition : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2014-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser plasma interactions in a relativistic parameter regime have been intensively investigated for studying the possibility of fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using ultra-intense laser systems and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes, relativistic laser light self-focusing, super hot electrons, ions, and neutron production, are studied. The experiments are performed with ultra-intense laser with 50 J energy, 0.5–1 ps pulse at 1053 nm laser wavelength at a laser intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Most of the laser shots are studied under preformed plasma conditions with a 100 μm plasma scale length condition. In the study of laser pulse behavior in the preformed plasmas, a special mode has been observed which penetrated the preformed plasma all the way very close to the original planar target surface. On these shots, super hot electrons have been observed with its energy peak exceeding 1 MeV. The energy transport of the hot electrons has been studied with making use of Kα emissions from a seeded metal layer in planar targets. The details of ion acceleration followed by beam fusion reaction have been studied with neutron spectrometers. Laser ponderomotive force self-focusing and hot electron generation have been applied to a compressed core to see the effect of heating by injecting 12 beams of 100 ps, 1 TW pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874023
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical properties and the potential application of GaAs with magnetic MnAs nanoclusters (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magneto-optical effect of ferromagnetic MnAs nanoclusters embedded in GaAs is shown. The Faraday rotation angle at 0.98 μm reaches about 0.2°/μm at 2000 Oe. The potential of this magneto-optical material for use as a Faraday rotator operating at 0.98 μm is demonstrated by the Verdet constant of the film which is 16 times larger than that of (Cd,Mn,Hg)Te commercially developed for an optical isolator. The fabrication of this material is compatible with that of semiconductor-based devices. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125668
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Induces the c-fos and c-jun Expressions via the EP1 Subtype of PGE Receptor in Mouse Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Prostaglandin E2— Prostaglandin E receptor — MC3T3-E1 cells — c-fos — c-jun.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. This study examined which subtype(s) of PGE receptors is involved in the induction of c-fos and c-jun by PGE2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We also investigated the possibility that the induction of these genes is involved in the growth and differentiation of this cell line. PGE2 dose-dependently induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions in MC3T3-E1 cells. Of the PGE analogs, 17-phenyl-ω-trinor PGE2 (EP1 agonist) and sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) were far more potent than butaprost (EP2 agonist) and 11-deoxy PGE1 (EP2/EP4 agonist) in inducing c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions. Since MC3T3-E1 cells do not express the EP3 subtype, these results suggest that PGE2 induces c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions through the EP1 subtype of its receptor. In order to study the functional relevance of these protooncogenes, we then studied the effect of inhibition of their synthesis by the use of antisense oligonucleotide. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suppression by 17-phenyl-ω-trinor PGE2 was reversed by antisense oligonucleotide for either c-fos or c-jun. These results suggest that PGE2, via the EP1 subtype of the PGE receptor, negatively modulates the transition from proliferation to the matrix maturation stage through the induction of c-fos and c-jun. However, antisense oligonucleotide for c-fos or c-jun did not alter the prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 mRNA expression induced by EP1. Thus, it is possible that c-fos and c-jun inductions do not account for all the EP1-mediated PGE2 actions in MC3T3-E1 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation on Trabecular Bone and Marrow Adipocytes in Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Pregnancy — Lactation — Bone histomorphometry — Marrow adipocyte — Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in the structure and metabolism of trabecular bone and marrow adipocytes in rats during pregnancy and the early stage of postpartum were evaluated by investigating bone mineral density (BMD) and bone and fat histomorphometry. Forty-nine female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats aged 200 days were mated and divided into seven groups: (1) beginning controls; (2) antepartum-on-day-7; (3) antepartum-on-day-21; (4) nonlactating on the fourth postpartum day; (5) nonlactating on the sixth postpartum day; (6) nonlactating on the eighth postpartum day; (7) lactating on the eight postpartum day. The significant decreases occurred in the trabecular bone at the end of pregnancy and lactation, and the bone formation increases and the bone structure is almost recovered in nonlactating rats within 6 days of postpartum. The percent adipocyte volume, adipocyte number, and unit adipocyte volume significantly decreased during postpartum whether lactating or nonlactating, and they significantly showed negative correlation with the osteoid volume values. The serum triglyceride value and body weight of the seven groups correlated significantly with the unit adipocyte volume value (r = 0.49, P= 0.004; r = 0.58, P= 0.0005, respectively). We concluded that bone resorption and formation are regulated separately during late pregnancy and lactation and that the recovery of BMD from lactation appears to rely on an acceleration of bone formation. Furthermore, the metabolism of the marrow adipocyte may be correlated with bone formation rates, serum triglyceride value, and body weight during pregnancy and early stage of puerperium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001145
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation Thermomechanics of SMAs (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 327-328 (Jan. 2000), p. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.327-328.323.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression patterns of musashi homologs of the ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 162-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ascidian ; Musashi ; RNA-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The gene family encoding RNA-binding proteins includes important regulators involved in the neurogenesis in both protostomes and deuterostomes. We isolated cDNAs of the ascidian homolog of one of the RNA-binding proteins, MUSASHI, from Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis. The predicted amino acid sequences contained two RNA-recognition and RNA-binding motifs in the N-terminus and an ascidian-specific YG-rich domain in the C-terminus. Maternal transcripts of musashi were ubiquitous in early cleavage-stage embryos. Ascidian musashi had three domains of zygotic expression: the brain, nerve cord, and mesenchyma. The temporal order of the onset in these domains was highly divergent between the two species of ascidian examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050024
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amperometric detection studies of Nafion/indium hexacyanoferrate film for the determination of electroinactive cations in ion chromatography (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An amperometric detector based on the chemical modification of Nafion and indium (III) hexacyanoferrate (II, III) thin film (Nafion/In-CN-Fe) onto a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, was first successfully used for the determination of electroinactive cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4 +) in single column ion chromatography (IC). A set of well-defined peaks of electroinactive cations was obtained. The detection limits of the cations are 8.9 × 10–6 mol/L for Li+, 2.3 × 10–6 mol/L for Na+, 5.2 × 10–6 mol/L for K+, 4.8 × 10–6 mol/L for Rb+, 4.0 ׶10–6 mol/L for Cs+ and 5.3 × 10–6 mol/L for NH4 + at a single-to-noise ratio of 3. The proposed method was quick, sensitive and simple. The cations in rainwater and mineral water were successfully analyzed by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 946-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Chrysanthemum ; Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Somatic embryogenesis was observed in ray-floret explants of Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura cv. Aboukyu on Murashige and Skoog medium containing high concentrations of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kinetin. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid also induced somatic embryogenesis but indole-3-butyric acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid did not. Other cytokinins, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron, were also not effective. No embryos were seen at lower IAA concentrations with kinetin and various concentrations of BAP, although higher BAP concentrations yielded many adventitious shoots. In contrast, no somatic embryogenesis was observed from leaves using any combination of plant growth regulators. Histologically, primordia showed a typical embryo shape with a well-developed vascular bundle between the shoot and the root primordia. Embryos had both stomata cells and a root system with polarity. Plants were efficiently regenerated from ray floret-derived embryos subcultured in the appropriate medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990000225
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