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  • 1
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    cDNA cloning and interferon gamma down-regulation of proteasomal subunits X and Y (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-26
    Description: Proteasomes are the proteolytic complex responsible for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation. Interferon gamma treatment increases expression MHC-encoded LMP2 and LMP7 subunits of the proteasome and decreases expression of two proteasome subunits, named X and Y, which alters the proteolytic specificity of proteasomes. Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding X and Y showed that their proteins are proteasomal subunits with high amino acid similarity to LMP7 and LMP2, respectively. Thus, interferon gamma may induce subunit replacements of X and Y by LMP7 and LMP2, respectively, producing proteasomes perhaps more appropriate for the immunological processing of endogenous antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, K -- Yokota, K -- Kagawa, S -- Shimbara, N -- Tamura, T -- Akioka, H -- Nothwang, H G -- Noda, C -- Tanaka, K -- Ichihara, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1231-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Cysteine Endopeptidases ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; *Down-Regulation ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant photoexpansion in As2S3 glass (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2925-2927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When illuminated with a focused beam from He-Ne lasers, As2S3 films with thickness of ∼50 μm exhibit the thickness expansion reaching to 3 μm, which is approximately 10 times as great as that expected from the conventional photoexpansion phenomenon. The enhancement seems to be caused by photorelaxation of strain generated by photoexpansion. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112533
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinduced Bragg reflector in As2S3 glass (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1771-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bragg reflectors have been fabricated in As2S3 glasses through the photoinduced refractive-index change process. Illumination of single monochromatic beams can produce Bragg reflectors with a half Bragg width of 2 nm in wavelength and the reflectivity estimated from the transmission decrease at 10%–20%. The reflectors can be erased with annealing and polychromatic illumination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111803
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of spvR gene expression of Salmonella virulence plasmid pKDSC50 in Salmonella choleraesuis serovar Choleraesuis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 12 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression regulation of spvR, a regulatory gene on the virulence plasmid (pKDSC50) of Salmonella choleraesuis serovar Choleraesuis, was investigated by spvR–lacZ translational fusion. The spvR gene was found to be positively regulated by its own product, the SpvR protein, and this unusual positive auto-regulation was repressed by the products of spvA and spvB, virulence-associated genes present downstream from the spvR gene. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the amino-terminal region of SpvB had homology with the CatM repressor protein of Acineto-bacter calcoaceticus, which belongs to the MetR/LysR protein family. On the other hand, the sigma factor RpoS was required for expression of the spvR gene in the stationary phase of bacterial growth. The SpvR protein was also necessary for self-activation, suggesting that an RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing RpoS requires SpvR protein in order to recognize the spvR promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01064.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multiple-diffraction effect in accurate structure-factor measurements of PtP2 crystals (1994)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 246-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Accurate X-ray intensities of a PtP2 crystal were measured with the multiple-diffraction effect avoided by using the ψ rotation of the crystal around the scattering vector. The results were compared with those of a measurement made without avoiding the effect. The extinction parameters were more isotropic and the peaks of the deformation density were significantly smaller when multiple diffraction was avoided. In the measurement made without avoiding the effect, the number of structure factors affected by more than 1% was 403 from 936 reflections measured. Of 272 strong reflections with sin &thgr;/λ 〈 0.6 Å−1 and Fobs 〉 200, 27 reflections were affected by more than 1%. These facts, as well as the smaller R values, indicate that the multiple-diffraction effect cannot be neglected in electron-density studies of crystals including heavy atoms. To assess the intensity fluctuation calculated in the present study, the intensities of 200 reflections were measured at intervals of 0.5° from 0 to 180° in ψ and compared with the calculated values. The variations of the measured and calculated intensities with ψ correspond to each other, which indicates that the present method can be used effectively to identify the reflections affected significantly by multiple diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767393008876
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuum mechanical aspects of phase transformations in solids (1994)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 64 (1994), S. 54-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Einige Aspekte der „klassischen” Thermodynamik von Phasenumwandlungen werden behandelt. In der Folge werden typische Festkörperumwandlungen wie die displazive und die diffusive Umwandlung in Metallen erörtert. In allgemeiner Formulierung wird die Gibbs Energie unter Berücksichtigung aller erforderlichen Energieterme hergeleitet Basierend auf der klassischen Keimentwicklungsbedingung, einer Formulierung über das Wachstum von Keimen und einem auf der Dissipationsleistung beruhenden Konzept werden verschiedene Umwandlungsbedingungen hergeleitet. Dabei wird in beiden Phasen elasto-plastisches Materialverhalten vorausgesetzt. Die hier formulierten Umwandlungsbedingungen werden mit einigen der in den letzten 40 Jahren publizierten Beziehungen verglichen und bewertet. In einem Beispiel werden diese Bedingungen für eine in einer elasto-plastischen Matrix wachsende Kugel bei einer umwandlungsbedingten Volumsdehnung angewandt. Analytische Ausdrücke werden präsentiert und näher erläutert.
    Notes: Summary Some aspects of “classical” thermodynamics of phase transformations are discussed. Then typical solid state transformations as the displacive and diffusional transformation in metals are explained. A general formulation of the Gibbs free energy is presented including all energy terms required. Based on the “classical” nucleation, the “triggering-off” and the “dissipation” condition, various transformation conditions are formulated taking into account the elasto-plastic deformation of both phases. Transformation conditions presented in the literature over the last 40 years are reviewed and compared to the transformation conditions derived here. The transformation conditions for a spherical region growing under a certain volume change in an elasto-plastic matrix are studied as an example. The relevant analytical expressions are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789099
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron Annihilation Lifetime Studies on Free Volume Changes in Polymers by CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Conditioning (1994)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 175-178 (Nov. 1994), p. 789-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.175-178.789.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the 5′ upstream region and the regulation of the rpoS gene of Escherichia coli (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 243 (1994), S. 525-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; RNA polymerase sigma factor ; rpoS ; Stationary phase ; Post-translational regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the 5′ upstream region of the Escherichia coli rpoS gene was determined and analyzed. At least four promoters responsible for rpoS transcription were identified, and designated P1, P2, P3 andP4, P1 being furthest from the upstream. Using lacZ fusion genes, the P2 promoter was found to be the strongest of the four. All of these promoters are regulated similarly, and their activity is enhanced 2 to 3-fold in stationary phase. P1 and P2 transcription start sites were determined by primer extension analyses. The P2 promoter region shows similarity to the consensus σ70-type promoter sequence, and was recognized by both Eσ70 and Eσ38 holoenzymes in vitro. The mRNA transcribed from the most distal promoter, P1, appears to include another open reading frame (orf-281), indicating that the two open reading frames comprise an operon. The rpoS gene product (σ38) was rapidly degraded after addition of chloramphenicol to cultures in the exponential, but not the stationary phase. This strongly suggests that posttranslational regulation is involved in the control of rpoS expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284200
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of structural variation within cationic azo-surfactant upon photoresponsive function in aqueous solution (1994)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 272 (1994), S. 1611-1619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Cationic azo-surfactant ; photoisomerization ; electric conductivity ; micelle formation ; aggregation mode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The cationic azo-surfactants possessing different spacers and tail alkyl chain lengths have been synthesized by azocoupling ofp-alkylaniline orop-ethoxyaniline with phenol, followed by alkylation and quaternalization with dibromoalkane and trimethylamine, respectively. These surfactants showed a good solubility in water. A reversibletrans-cis isomerization of the azosurfactants by photoirradiation was assessed by UV-Vis absorption spectra. Due to a difference in HLB between thetrans- andcis-surfactants, the observed critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and the electric conductivity of the surfactant solution at above the CMC were significantly affected by the photoinducedtrans-cis isomerization. The azo-surfactants bearing moderate alkyl chain lengths such as surfactants 6 (R2=C2H4, R3=C4H9) and 9 (R2=C4H8, R3=C2H5) were found to be effective to achieve large CMC changes (3.6 mmol/L for 6 and 5.9 mmol/L for 9) by UV-light irradiation. The replacement of the tail chain species also affected the photoresponsive function. The surfactant 12, possessingp-ethoxy group as the tail chain, was found to form a stable micelle aggregation as compared with the structurally related surfactant 10 having ethyl unit as its tail group, but it exhibited a large CMC change (5.3 mmol/L) by UV-light irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00664729
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of ZnS thin films from solution mist by laser irradiation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 376-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new type of laser chemical vapour deposition process, in which the reactants are incorporated in the mist of the solvent, is proposed. It is applicable to prepare high-quality thin films from reactants having a low vapour pressure. By using a continuous wave CO2 laser, ZnS thin films, consisting of c-axis oriented ultrafine microcrystallites, have been prepared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01162494
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