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  • German  (6)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Das Magnetfeld der Erde ist zeitlich nicht konstant. Magnetfeldvariationen entstehen durch elektrische Ströme in der Ionosphäre und Magnetosphäre, aber auch Blitzentladungen von Gewittern verursachen im Hohlleiter, der durch Erde und Ionosphäre gebildet wird, magnetische Wechselfelder. Diese Wechselfelder induzieren in einem elektrisch leitenden Medium wie der Erde elektrische Ströme. Auf diesem Induktionsvorgang, der durch die Maxwellgleichungen beschrieben wird, beruht die Methode der elektromagnetischen Tiefensondierung (Magnetotellurik). In der Geophysik werden eine Vielzahl verschiedener Sensoren verwendet, um zeitlich variable magnetische Felder zu messen. Bauartbedingt eignen sich Induktionsspulen besonders zur Aufnahme von magnetischen Signalen mit einem Frequenzgehalt von wenigen mHz bis hin zu einigen kHz. Das Problem bei der Messung dieser Signale besteht darin, dass die Signalamplituden generell sehr klein sind, zusätzlich aber auch eine große Variabilität zwischen kleinsten und größten Amplituden auftritt (dynamic range). Moderne Induktionsspulen sind daher optimierte Sensoren, die aus einer Vielzahl genau aufeinander abgestimmter Komponenten bestehen. Bei der täglichen Arbeit im Gelände sind Induktionsspulen extremen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt, die zu äußerlich nicht erkennbaren Veränderungen von Systemparametern oder sogar zu Schäden führen können. Sensoren stehen immer am Anfang eines jeden Meßsystems, und fehlerhafte Sensoren führen unweigerlich zu später nicht korrigierbaren, falschen Messwerten. Die regelmäßige Kalibrierung und Funktionsüberprüfung der Induktionspulen des Geophysikalischen Gerätepools Potsdam (GIPP) ist daher unerlässlich, um den hohen Standard der Magnetotellurikmessungen auch in Zukunft gewährleisten zu können.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 2
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    In:  Protokoll zum 21. Kolloquium „Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung“
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
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    GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-14
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 4
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A new calibration facility was developed, tested, and installed at the premises of the Geomagnetic observatory in Niemegk to test induction coil magnetometers (search coils) in the frequency range 100Hz to 1 MHz. The new calibration facility is based on a Braunbeck coil, which extends existing installations based on a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil and a cylindrical coil which cover only the frequency range from a few mHz to 100 kHz. The new calibration coil is primarily needed to test magnetic field sensors used by the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam for the so-called Radio Magnetotelluric (RMT) method. The RMT method uses electromagnetic fields transmitted by radio stations to infer the electrical conductivity distribution of the shallow subsurface (~1 m to 50 m). We present theoretical calculations to determine the parameters of the new calibration coil, which could be confirmed with measurements using an OMICRON BODE 100 spectrum analyser. The new coil system was also tested by calibrating two existing magnetic field sensors (METRONIX) MFS07 and SHFT-02e) with known response functions. We infer an overall accuracy of the new system of 〈0.05nT in amplitude and 〈0.5° in phase for frequencies 〈700kHz and ≤0.05nT and ≤3° degrees for frequencies 〉 700kHz. We also developed, tested and calibrated a new magnetic field sensor, using a set of three orthogonal toroidal coils (based on the antenna AN 200). The initial results look promising. The overall noise figures surpass those of the Metronix SHFT-02e sensor. The amplitude characteristic is slightly non-linear though, varying between 5 and 75 mV/nT over the frequency range 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The number of three dimensional fluxgate magnetometers has increased at the Geomagnetic Instrument Pool Potsdam of the GFZ. The instruments are subjected to extremely high mechanical loads during the expeditions, so that malfunctions can occur. This experience was gained earlier with the induction coils. A calibration facility was developed previously for checking these instruments [STR01/10, Meas.Sci. Technol. 13 (2002)N49-51]. A new calibration facility for checking three dimensional fluxgate magnetometers was developed now using the same principle. A large old wooden three axis coil system existing at the geomagnetic observatory of the GFZ in Niemegk was used. The facility works from 1mHz up to 500Hz.
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2022-11-08
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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