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  • 1
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    The Carboniferous Timescale (2020)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: Carboniferous; Pangaea; ice age; biochronology; biostratigraphy; magnetostratigraphy; radioisotopic age
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 December 2020 --- Proposed chronostratigraphic units for the Carboniferous and Early Permian of the southwestern Gondwana margin / Carlos R. González and Pamela Díaz Saravia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-48 --- 7 December 2020 --- A geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Carboniferous / Mark W. Hounslow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-102 --- 1 December 2020 --- Carboniferous Smaller Foraminifera: Convergences and Divergences / Daniel Vachard and François Le Coze / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-42 --- 30 November 2020 --- Carboniferous Crinoids / William I. Ausich, Thomas W. Kammer and Georgy V. Mirantsev / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-71 --- 27 November 2020 --- Carboniferous macrofloral biostratigraphy – an overview / Stanislav Opluštil, Christopher J. Cleal, Jun Wang and Mingli Wan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-97 --- 26 November 2020 --- The biostratigraphy of Carboniferous chondrichthyans / Michał Ginter / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-91 --- 25 November 2020 --- Carboniferous isotope stratigraphy / Jitao Chen, Bo Chen and Isabel P. Montañez / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-72 --- 24 November 2020 --- Carboniferous conodont biostratigraphy / James E. Barrick, Alexander S. Alekseev, Silvia Blanco-Ferrera, Natalia V. Goreva, Keyi Hu, Lance L. Lambert, Tamara I. Nemyrovska, Yuping Qi, Scott M. Ritter and Javier Sanz-López / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 512, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2020-38
    Pages: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Edition: online first
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/online-first/512
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    III.8 Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: The CoRoT view and the future (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is dedicated to all the people interested in the CoRoT mission and the beautiful data that were delivered during its six year duration. Either amateurs, professional, young or senior researchers, they will find treasures not only at the time of this publication but also in the future twenty or thirty years. It presents the data in their final version, explains how they have been obtained, how to handle them, describes the tools necessary to understand them, and where to find them. It also highlights the most striking first results obtained up to now. CoRoT has opened several unexpected directions of research and certainly new ones still to be discovered.
    Keywords: photometry ; space mission ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Large potential for crop production adaptation depends on available future varieties (2021)
    In:  Global Change Biology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Climate change affects global agricultural production and threatens food security. Faster phenological development of crops due to climate warming is one of the main drivers for potential future yield reductions. To counter the effect of faster maturity, adapted varieties would require more heat units to regain the previous growing period length. In this study, we investigate the effects of variety adaptation on global caloric production under four different future climate change scenarios for maize, rice, soybean, and wheat. Thereby, we empirically identify areas that could require new varieties and areas where variety adaptation could be achieved by shifting existing varieties into new regions. The study uses an ensemble of seven global gridded crop models and five CMIP6 climate models. We found that 39% (SSP5-8.5) of global cropland could require new crop varieties to avoid yield loss from climate change by the end of the century. At low levels of warming (SSP1-2.6), 85% of currently cultivated land can draw from existing varieties to shift within an agro-ecological zone for adaptation. The assumptions on available varieties for adaptation have major impacts on the effectiveness of variety adaptation, which could more than half in SSP5-8.5. The results highlight that region-specific breeding efforts are required to allow for a successful adaptation to climate change.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    CITATION PIK
  • 4
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    Cold atoms in space: community workshop summary and proposed road-map (2022)
    In:  EPJ Quantum Technology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: We summarise the discussions at a virtual Community Workshop on Cold Atoms in Space concerning the status of cold atom technologies, the prospective scientific and societal opportunities offered by their deployment in space, and the developments needed before cold atoms could be operated in space. The cold atom technologies discussed include atomic clocks, quantum gravimeters and accelerometers, and atom interferometers. Prospective applications include metrology, geodesy and measurement of terrestrial mass change due to, e.g., climate change, and fundamental science experiments such as tests of the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, measurements of gravitational waves and tests of quantum mechanics. We review the current status of cold atom technologies and outline the requirements for their space qualification, including the development paths and the corresponding technical milestones, and identifying possible pathfinder missions to pave the way for missions to exploit the full potential of cold atoms in space. Finally, we present a first draft of a possible road-map for achieving these goals, that we propose for discussion by the interested cold atom, Earth Observation, fundamental physics and other prospective scientific user communities, together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and national space and research funding agencies.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Climate impacts on global agriculture emerge earlier in new generation of climate and crop models (2021)
    In:  Nature Food
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: Potential climate-related impacts on future crop yield are a major societal concern. Previous projections of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project’s Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 identified substantial climate impacts on all major crops, but associated uncertainties were substantial. Here we report new twenty-first-century projections using ensembles of latest-generation crop and climate models. Results suggest markedly more pessimistic yield responses for maize, soybean and rice compared to the original ensemble. Mean end-of-century maize productivity is shifted from +5% to −6% (SSP126) and from +1% to −24% (SSP585)—explained by warmer climate projections and improved crop model sensitivities. In contrast, wheat shows stronger gains (+9% shifted to +18%, SSP585), linked to higher CO2 concentrations and expanded high-latitude gains. The ‘emergence’ of climate impacts consistently occurs earlier in the new projections—before 2040 for several main producing regions. While future yield estimates remain uncertain, these results suggest that major breadbasket regions will face distinct anthropogenic climatic risks sooner than previously anticipated.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    CITATION PIK
  • 6
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    In situ, satellite measurement and model evidence on the dominant regional contribution to fine particulate matter levels in the Paris megacity (2015)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: A detailed characterization of air quality in the megacity of Paris (France) during two 1-month intensive campaigns and from additional 1-year observations revealed that about 70 % of the urban background fine particulate matter (PM) is transported on average into the megacity from upwind regions. This dominant influence of regional sources was confirmed by in situ measurements during short intensive and longer-term campaigns, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from ENVISAT, and modeling results from PMCAMx and CHIMERE chemistry transport models. While advection of sulfate is well documented for other megacities, there was surprisingly high contribution from long-range transport for both nitrate and organic aerosol. The origin of organic PM was investigated by comprehensive analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), radiocarbon and tracer measurements during two intensive campaigns. Primary fossil fuel combustion emissions constituted less than 20 % in winter and 40 % in summer of carbonaceous fine PM, unexpectedly small for a megacity. Cooking activities and, during winter, residential wood burning are the major primary organic PM sources. This analysis suggests that the major part of secondary organic aerosol is of modern origin, i.e., from biogenic precursors and from wood burning. Black carbon concentrations are on the lower end of values encountered in megacities worldwide, but still represent an issue for air quality. These comparatively low air pollution levels are due to a combination of low emissions per inhabitant, flat terrain, and a meteorology that is in general not conducive to local pollution build-up. This revised picture of a megacity only being partially responsible for its own average and peak PM levels has important implications for air pollution regulation policies.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 7
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    High-Resolution Imaging of Texture and Microstructure by the Moving Detector Method (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to describe texture and microstructure of a polycrystalline material completely, crystal orientation g={?1F?2} must be known in all points x={x1?x2?x3} of the material. This can be achieved by locationresolved diffraction of high-energy, i.e. short-wave, X-rays from synchrotron sources. Highest resolution in the orientation- as well as the location-coordinates can be achieved by three variants of a detector sweeping technique in which an area detector is continuously moved during exposure. This technique results in two-dimensionally continuous images which are sections and projections of the six-dimensional orientation location space. Further evaluation of these images depends on whether individual grains are resolved in them or not. Because of the high penetration depth of high-energy synchrotron radiation in matter, this technique is also, and particularly, suitable for the investigation of the interior of big samples.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 548 ; VAE 120 ; VKA 200 ; VGA 410 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Röntgenanalyse {Mineralogie: Kristallographie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 18 S.
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
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    High-Resolution Imaging of Texture and Microstructure by the Moving Detector Method (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to describe texture and microstructure of a polycrystalline material completely, crystal orientation g={?1F?2} must be known in all points x={x1?x2?x3} of the material. This can be achieved by locationresolved diffraction of high-energy, i.e. short-wave, X-rays from synchrotron sources. Highest resolution in the orientation- as well as the location-coordinates can be achieved by three variants of a detector sweeping technique in which an area detector is continuously moved during exposure. This technique results in two-dimensionally continuous images which are sections and projections of the six-dimensional orientation location space. Further evaluation of these images depends on whether individual grains are resolved in them or not. Because of the high penetration depth of high-energy synchrotron radiation in matter, this technique is also, and particularly, suitable for the investigation of the interior of big samples.
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VKA 200 ; VGA 410 ; 38.03
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 9
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    Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles concentrations in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere during the HALO CIRRUS-HL campaign (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Free tropospheric ice nucleating particles (INP) play a key role in the formation of primary ice particles in mixed-phase clouds. Downward transport of INP from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) can potentially influence cloud formation and properties in the free troposphere. However, INP concentrations above mixed-phase altitude have rarely been measured. During the HALO (High Altitude and Long Range) aircraft campaign CIRRUS-HL (Cirrus in High Latitudes) in June and July 2021, aerosol particles and ice crystal residuals were sampled on filters using the newly developed airborne High-volume flow aerosol particle filter sampler (HERA) (1). Offline laboratory analysis of these filters yield immersion mode INP concentrations, which are put into context with measurements of physical and chemical aerosol properties, which have been carried out in parallel to the filter sampling. Here, we present an overview of measured INP concentrations and corresponding aerosol properties during CIRRUS-HL. INP concentrations in the UTLS region vary within two orders of magnitude at -20 °C. Enhanced concentrations were found in the vicinity of convection indicating a possible transport mechanism of INP from the lower troposphere into the UTLS region. Further results suggest that diluted and aged biomass burning aerosol does not increase stratospheric INP concentration.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    The communication strategy for the release ofthe first European Seismic Risk Model and theupdated European Seismic Hazard Model (2024)
    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: To design user-centred and scientifically high-quality outreach products to inform about earthquake-related hazards and the associated risk, a close collaboration between the model developers and communication experts is needed. In this contribution, we present the communication strategy developed to support the public release of the first openly available European Seismic Risk Model and the updated European Seismic Hazard Model. The backbone of the strategy was the communication concept in which the overall vision, communication principles, target audiences (including personas), key messages, and products were defined. To fulfil the end-users' needs, we conducted two user testing surveys: one for the interactive risk map viewer and one for the risk poster with a special emphasis on the European earthquake risk map. To further ensure that the outreach products are not only understandable and attractive for different target groups but also adequate from a scientific point of view, a two-fold feedback mechanism involving experts in the field was implemented. Through a close collaboration with a network of communication specialists from other institutions supporting the release, additional feedback and exchange of knowledge was enabled. Our insights, gained as part of the release process, can support others in developing user-centred products reviewed by experts in the field to inform about hazard and risk models.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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