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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-component system that controls the expression of pneumococcal surface antigen A (PsaA) and regulates virulence and resistance to oxidative stress in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recent genomic-based studies have identified 13 two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacterial TCSs are important for regulating expression of bacterial genes, including those which are important to the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. We have used virulence assays together with microarray analysis to investigate the importance of pneumococcal TCS04 in the virulence and gene regulation of this pathogen. Deletion mutants of the response regulator of TCS04, rr04, were examined in three independent pneumococcal strains representing three different pneumococcal serotypes. Analysis of the virulence of the three strains enabled us to identify a serotype-specific attenuation of virulence due to deletion of rr04. Microarray comparison of the transcriptional profiles of the wild-type strains with the rr04 mutants allowed us to determine which transcriptional changes were occurring in the rr04 mutants. Virulence-associated changes were demonstrated in the attenuated strain with significant downregulation of a previously determined virulence locus, psaB, psaC and psaA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03917.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Coexistence of IgA Deficiency and 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Marked by Specific MHC Supratypes (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 458 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb14593.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitope mimics and determinant spreading: pathways to autoimmunity (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 569-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Determinant spreading; T cell; mimicry; autoimmunity; tolerance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Infectious microorganisms have evolved molecules which mimic the host in order to aid in their undetected propagation. In response, mammalian hosts have evolved a highly diverse immune repertoire designed to eradicate rapidly changing pathogens. The generation of diversity in the immune repertoire results in potentially damaging self cross-reactivities which require multiple regulatory controls to keep autoreactive lymphocytes in check. Here, we review how molecular mimicry at the T cell level might be important in the development of systemic autoimmunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000719
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture and Function of Electrofusion-Derived Clonal Insulin-Secreting Cells Immobilized on Solid and Macroporous Microcarrier Beads (2000)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 20 (2000), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: microcarrier ; culture ; BRIN-BD11 ; insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In view of the advantages of the bulk production of clonal pancreaticbeta cells, an investigation was made of the growth and insulin secretoryfunctions of an electrofusion-derived cell line (BRIN-BD11) immobilizedon a solid microcarrier, cytodex-1 or a macroporous microcarrier,cultispher-G. For comparison, similar tests were performed usingBRIN-BD11 cells present in single cell suspensions or allowed toform pseudoislets. Similar growth profiles were recorded for eachmicrocarrier with densities of 4.4×105±0.3 cells/ml and4.2×105±0.2 cells/ml achieved using cytodex-1 andcultispher-G, respectively. Cell viability began to decline on day 5 ofculture. Insulin concentration in the culture medium reached a peak of26±2.0 ng/ml and 24±2.2 ng/ml for cells grown oncytodex-1 and cultispher-G, respectively. Cells grown on both types ofmicrocarrier showed a significant 1.5–1.8-fold acuteinsulin-secretory response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose. L-alanine (10 mmol/l) andL-arginine (10 mmol/l) also induced significant 3–4 fold increasesof insulin release. BRIN-BD11 cells immobilized on cytodex-1 or cultispher-Gout-performed single cell suspensions and pseudoislets in terms ofinsulin-secretory responses to glucose and amino acids. A 1.3-fold,2.2-fold and 1.7-fold stimulation of insulin secretion was observed forglucose, L-alanine and L-arginine respectively in single cellsuspensions. Corresponding increases for pseudoislets were1.6–1.8-fold for L-alanine and L-arginine, with no significantresponse to glucose alone. These data indicate the utility ofmicro-carriers for the production of functioning clonal beta cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005563418884
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane-polyacrylate systems. X. Polyurethane-poly(ethyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 3881-3888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurethane-poly(ethyl acrylate) interpenetrating networks (IPNs) containing 40 wt% polyurethane were prepared, in which the cross-link density of the polyurethane component was varied by altering the ratio of diol/triol. Decreasing the molecular weight between crosslinks from 9500 to 1200 g/mol brought about an increase in the tensile strength accompanied by a decrease in elongation at break. The tensile properties of the IPNs are, however, poorer than those of the equivalent polyurethane homopolymers. Electron microscopy showed that the polyurethane was present as distinct phases, connected by a cellular fine structure, in the poly(ethyl acrylate) matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis as well as sonic velocity studies gave results which were consistent with this morphological picture.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320307
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of a poly(vinyl isobutyl ether)-poly(ethyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer network (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 959-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250523
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane-polyacrylate systems. VII. Polyurethane-poly(methyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2157-2169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurethane-poly(methyl acrylate) sequential interpenetrating polymer networks containing 40 wt % polyurethane were prepared. The triol/diol ratio used in the preparation of the first formed polyurethane network was changed so that the average molecular weight between crosslinks ranged from 9500 to 500 g/mol. In addition to decreasing this average molecular weight, changing the triol/diol ratio alters the hard segment content of the polyurethane. The extent of mixing of the components in these IPNs was investigated using electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, and sonic velocity measurements. The polyurethane networks were also characterized by swelling studies. It was concluded that, as the triol/diol ratio increased, the extent of mixing increased and there was evidence of phase separation of the hard segments of the polyurethane component at high triol/diol ratios.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300529
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane-polyacrylate systems. VIII. The influence of the degree of crosslinking of the second formed network on the morphology and properties of polyurethane polymethylacrylate interpenetrating polymer networks (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 645-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polyurethane-polymethylacrylate sequential interpenetrating polymer networks containing 40% by weight of polyurethane were prepared in which the levels of crosslinking in the second formed network - polymethylacrylate - was systematically altered over a wide range. The polymethylacrylate networks and the interpenetrating polymer networks were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, sonic velocity measurements, and tensile testing. In addition, the interpenetrating polymer networkds were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The interpenetrating polymer networks showed high values of the Oberst damping factor. It was concluded that tightening the second formed network does not produce the dramatic effects associated with decreasing the average molecular weight between crosslinks of the first formed network.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310229
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane-polyacrylate systems. IX. Properties of an isomerically related interpenetrating network (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 709-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two polyurethane-poly(vinyl acetate) interpenetrating polymer networks of differing composition were synthesized and certain physical properties investigated. The results are compared with semi-1-interpenetrating polymer networks of the same system as well as with, where appropriate, polyurethane-poly(methyl acrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks. Dynamic mechanical analysis clearly indicated phase separation for both compositions. The poly(vinyl acetate) glass transition showed a shift to lower temperatures accompanied by a shift to higher temperatures of the polyurethane transition. Such shifts indicate a certain extent of mixing. Electron microscopy confirmed phase separation and for a material with 20% by weight of polyurethane indicated that both components are continuous. This latter material also had a higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the corresponding poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer. At 60% by weight of polyurethane the stress-strain characteristics are those of a reinforced rubber. Certain modulus-composition theories, and, also, sonic velocity measurements were consistent with these morphological conclusions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310234
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