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  • 1
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    Structure, development and function of the branchial sieve of the common bream, Abramis brama, white bream, Blicca bjoerkna and roach, Rutilus rutilus (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-1909
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5133
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    The barbs (Barbus spp.) of Lake Tana: a forgotten species flock? (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-1909
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5133
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    A model for switching between particulate-feeding and filter-feeding in the common bream, Abramis brama (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-1909
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5133
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for switching between particulate-feeding and filter-feeding in the common bream, Abramis brama (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 33 (1992), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Snap frequency ; Zooplankton density ; Buccal cavity ; Swimming speed ; Energy costs ; Cyprinidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis A model has been developed to describe the process of switching between particulate- and filter-feeding in common bream, Abramis brama, in relation to fish size and zooplankton density. The model assumes that the encounter rate of fish and zooplankton is determined by the density of zooplankton and the swimming speed of fish. However, if zooplankton density is so high as to allow at least one prey to be engulfed per random snap, the encounter rate is determined by the volume of the buccal cavity and by zooplankton density, but is independent of swimming speed. The snapping frequency will be maximal at the time of switching, decreasing with increasing zooplankton density because of the extra time needed for intra-oral prey handling. The model predicted switching from particulate- to filter-feeding only for bream〉 15 cm standard length at zooplankton densities 〈 500 l-1. The snap frequency of six size classes of bream (7.5, 10.4, 12.5, 15, 24 and 29.5 cm) was measured at varying densities of Daphnia. The model predictions for snap frequencies of all size classes corresponded to the highest values observed. The average of the observed snap frequencies was only 50% of the predicted values, probably because the calculated average distance between prey animals assumed an ideal swimming route of the fish and error-free vision for particulate-feeding, and the handling time was ignored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, development and function of the branchial sieve of the common bream, Abramis brama, white bream, Blicca bjoerkna and roach, Rutilus rutilus (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 33 (1992), S. 105-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cyprinids ; Eutrophication ; Zooplankton ; Filter feeding ; Gill rakers ; Retention ability ; Capacity ; Comb model ; Channel model ; Energy ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The filter feeding organ of cyprinid fishes is the branchial sieve, which consists of a mesh formed by gill rakers and tiny channels on the gill arches. In order to establish its possible role during growth we measured the following morphological gill raker parameters over a range of sizes in three cyprinid fishes, bream, white bream and roach: inter raker distance, bony raker length, raker width, cushion length and channel width. At any given standard length common bream has the largest inter raker distance, roach the lowest and white bream is intermediate. In the ‘comb model’ of filter feeding the inter raker distance is considered to be a direct measure of the mesh size and retention ability (= minimal size of prey that can be retained) of a filter. For the three species under study there is a conflict between the comb model and experimental data on particle retention. Lammens et al. (1987) found that common bream has a large retention ability whereas roach and white bream have a much smaller one. A new model, the ‘channel model’ (Hoogenboezem et al. 1991) has been developed for common bream; in this model the lateral gill rakers can regulate the mesh size of the medial channels on the other side of the gill slit. The present data indicate that this model is not appropriate for white bream and roach. At any given standard length white bream and roach only reach 70% of the raker length of common bream, which means that in this model the gill slits should to be very narrow during filter feeding. The gill rakers consist of a bony raker and a fleshy cushion. The bony rakers have a rather long needle-like part outside the cushion in bream, but not in white bream and roach which have blunt gill rakers. Blunt gill rakers are not suited to reduce the diameter of the medial channels. The comb model seems more appropriate for white bream and roach, but doubts about the validity of this simple model remain. The sum of the areas of the medial channels is an approximation of the area through which water flows in the filter. This channel area therefore gives an impression of the capacity or flow rate of the filter. With this capacity estimation and an estimation of energy consumption we calculated an energy ratio of filter feeding. The energy ratio decreases with increasing standard length with an exponent close to the expected exponent of -0.40. The energy ratio is highest in bream, intermediate in white bream and lowest in roach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002558
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The barbs (Barbus spp.) of Lake Tana: a forgotten species flock? (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 39 (1994), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Cyprinids ; Ethiopia ; Morphotypes ; Food-niche ; Biodiversity ; Feeding ; Evolution ; Fisheries ; Resource partitioning ; Piscivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis In October–December 1990, the large barbs (Barbus) that contribute more than 35% of the catch in lake Tana (northern Ethiopia) were studied. Previous authors (Rüppell 1837, Boulenger 1902,1911, Bini 1940) described from 6 to 23 (sub)species for the lake. Banister (1973) lumped all of these into one subspecies: Barbus intermedius intermedius Rüppell,1837. We found that the Lake Tana Barbus could be readily categorized in at least 13 discrete morphotypes, some of which were already distinguished by local fishermen. None of the known descriptions are adequate to distinguish the barbs unambiguously, which is important for monitoring and management of developing fisheries. Intermediates between morphotypes were rare (〈 10%). By applying canonical discriminant analysis on a set of 17 morphometric characters (including some directly associated with feeding) our initial morphotype-distinction was confirmed. Also, differences between the morphotypes in distribution, related to depth and substratum were found, as well as differences in intestinal contents, a key to the food-niche. The high number of piscivorous morphotypes (8 out of 13) was striking as piscivory is relatively rare among cyprinids. Piscivory was found to be highly correlated with morphological (feeding related) characters. The presence of discrete morphotypes, that also differ in food-niche and distribution, strongly suggests that several distinct populations exist, that may be (partly or completely) reproductively segregated. Knowledge about these populations, that may represent separate units of fish stock, is of crucial importance for the management of sustainable fisheries and protection of the biodiversity in Lake Tana. It is possible that several species or even a unique cyprinid species flock are present, that urgently need protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004751
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative microanatomy of the branchial sieve in three sympatric cyprinid species, related to filter-feeding mechanisms (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 219 (1994), S. 73-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: According to the reducible-channel model of filter-feeding (Hoogenboezem et al., '91), small food particles are retained in the channels between the medial gill rakers, while the mesh size can be reduced by lowering the lateral gill rakers into these channels. This movement requires that all lateral gill rakers have a m. abductor branchiospinalis (MAB). MAB runs from the radii branchiales to the raker feet. It is present on the lateral side of all four gill arches of the cyprinids Abramis brama and Cyprinus carpio but only on the first arch of Blicca bjoerkna, Rutilus rutilus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aspius aspius, and Scardinius erythrophthalmus. Therefore, the latter species do not fulfill the structural requirement for the reducible-channel model, whereas A. brama and C. carpio do. Laboratory and field data confirm that A. brama and C. carpio can reduce their mesh size according to this model and are the better filter-feeders. The seven cyprinid species studied show the same principal microanatomy of their branchial sieve. M. abductor filamenti is a sheet of muscle fibers between the lateral radii branchiales and the ceratobranchial bone. M. branchialis superficialis is a specialized region of the subepithelial muscle fiber network, with origins along both sides of the ceratobranchial bone. The lateral gill rakers of the first gill arch differ conspicuously from all other rakers. They are longer and flattened, and they are tilted anteriorly. They probably form a sieve across the wide slit between the first gill arch and the operculum. The most revealing anatomical feature is the presence of MABs on gill arches 1-4. It might be a suitable bio-assay for identifying the better facultative filter-feeders among cyprinids. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052190109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruff  -  Gymnocephalus cernua (L. 1758)  -  (Teleostei, Percidae) (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 399-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ruff, Gymnocephalus cernua, is a European freshwater fish that feeds by sucking up small invertebrates from the bottom of ponds and slow flowing rivers. The feeding movements have been studied by simultaneous electromyography of seventeen muscles of the head and cinematographic techniques.A theoretical model of movements imposes the functional demands of suction upon an abstraction of the form of a teleost head. Three phases in the feeding act, a preparatory phase, a suction phase and a transport phase, could be correlated with the observed movements and EMGs. Differences between the predicted and the actual movement are discussed. Two different types of feeding occur. The direction, magnitude and duration of the suction forces during feeding are modified, according to the position of the prey. A mechanism preventing early mandibular depression allows sudden and strong suction. Retardation of the suspensorial abduction during the overall expansion of the buccal cavity is ascribed to kinetic interrelations with the hyoid arch. Protrusion of the upper jaws also permits an earlier closure of the mouth and directs the food-containing waterflow posteriorly. When the fish is feeding on sinking prey, protrusion occurs later in the sequence of movements than when it is feeding from the bottom. As the protruded jaws produce a downwardly pointed mouth this retardation aims the suction force.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500210
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