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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 9/M 02.0134
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 344 S.
    ISBN: 186239072X
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 176
    Classification:
    A. 3.11.
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Description / Table of Contents: The flow of glacier ice can produce structures that are striking and beautiful. Associated sediments,too, can develop spectacular deformation structures, and examples are remarkbly well preserved in Quaternary deposits. Although such features have long been recognized, they are now the subject of new attention from glaciologists and glacial geologists. This collection of papers addresses how the methods for unravelling deformation structures evolved in recent years by structural geologists can be used for glacial materials, and the opportunities offered to structural geologists by glacial materials for studying deformation in rocks.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862390720
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Adatia, R H; Maltman, Alex J (2004): Data report: Initial permeability determinations on sediments from the Nankai Trough accretionary prism, ODP Sites 1173 and 1174. In: Mikada, H; Moore, GF; Taira, A; Becker, K; Moore, JC; Klaus, A (eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 190/196, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.190196.214.2004
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Understanding the role of fluids in active accretionary prisms requires quantitative knowledge of parameters such as permeability. We report here the results of permeability tests on four samples from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 190 at the Nankai Trough accretionary prism-two from Site 1173 and two from Site 1174. Volcanic ash is present in one of the samples; otherwise, the material is hemipelagic mud. A constant-rate-of-flow technique was used at various effective pressures and rates of flow. The permeability of the four samples ranges between 10**-15 and 10**-18 m**2, with the ash-bearing sample showing the highest values.
    Keywords: 190-1173A; 190-1174B; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Joides Resolution; Leg190; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Philippine Sea
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: -; 190-1174B; Calculated; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Effective stress; Flow pump, low-gradient; Flow rate; Flow rate out; Head, hydraulic; Hydraulic conductivity; Joides Resolution; Lake, length; Leg190; Lithologic unit/sequence; Lithology/composition/facies; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Permeability (earth science); Philippine Sea; Pressure, difference; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample surface
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 450 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Keywords: -; 190-1173A; Calculated; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Effective stress; Flow pump, low-gradient; Flow rate; Flow rate out; Head, hydraulic; Hydraulic conductivity; Joides Resolution; Lake, length; Leg190; Lithologic unit/sequence; Lithology/composition/facies; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Permeability (earth science); Philippine Sea; Pressure, difference; Sample code/label; Sample ID; Sample surface
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 465 data points
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Byrne, Timothy; Maltman, Alex J; Stephenson, Emma; Soh, Wonn; Knipe, Rob (1993): Deformation structures and fluid flow in the toe region of the Nankai accretionary prism. In: Hill, IA; Taira, A; Firth, JV; et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 131, 83-101, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.131.107.1993
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: This paper presents results of an interdisciplinary investigation of the relation between fluids, fluid flow, and deformation in the toe region of the Nankai accretionary prism. The techniques include thin-section petrography, SEM, TEM and microprobe analyses, and X-ray computed tomography as well as laboratory experiments. Together, the data suggest three structural/hydrologic regimes within the prism. These are: (1) the accreting sediments above the décollement zone, (2) the décollement zone, and (3) the underthrust sediments. The regime above the décollement is characterized by sediments that are progressively dewatered through both a penetrative fabric and a pervasive, but apparently poorly interconnected, set of core-scale deformation structures. The décollement is characterized by a relatively high density of structures/meter and is considered to be a regime of low stress but frequent failure. Hydrologically the décollement retards the vertical flow of fluids and enhances the potential for overpressuring in the footwall. Finally, the footwall regime contains very few tectonic structures and is structurally isolated from the stresses related to plate convergence. This regime provides an important component to the tectonics of the Nankai prism, however, because it supplies the overpressured fluids that cause the d?collement to fail at relatively low shear stresses.
    Keywords: 131-808; Attenuation value; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Computer tomograph value; Density; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Difference; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Joides Resolution; Leg131; Number; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Philippine Sea; Porosity; Sample code/label; Water content, wet mass; X-ray computed tomography (CT)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 161 data points
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Lallemant, Siegfried J; Byrne, Timothy; Maltman, Alex J; Karig, Daniel E; Henry, Pierre (1993): Stress tensors at the toe of the Nankai accretionary prism: an application of inverse methods to slickenlined faults. In: Hill, IA; Taira, A; Firth, JV; et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 131, 103-122, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.131.109.1993
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Drilling at Site 808 (ODP Leg 131) provided an extensive record of the discrete brittle structures (small faults and shear bands) at the toe of the Nankai accretionary complex. Brittle failure is occurring throughout the hole, although most of the deformation has been observed between the frontal thrust and the décollement (from 365 to 963 mbsf). Brittle failure occurs in the turbiditic trench fill (0 to 600 mbsf) but also in the ash-bearing hemipelagites from the upper Shikoku Basin (600 to 800 mbsf) and the ash-free hemipelagites of the lower Shikoku Basin sequences, down to the décollement (963 mbsf). The geometry of the tectonic features has been recorded in a local frame related to the core liner and then corrected to an absolute frame by the use of paleomagnetic measurements. We used the resulting geometry of homogeneous populations of slickenlined faults to estimate the reduced stress tensor. The main result is to show three consistent stress patterns. Most of the fault clusters from the frontal thrust down to the décollement are in good agreement with a compressional regime with a northwest-trending sigma 1 (azimuth N305° to N315°). The compression direction is thus roughly parallel to the local direction of the relative convergence. It is also perpendicular to the trend of the anticlinal ridges. Discrete faults, locally appearing as clusters (e.g., 30 m above the décollement) agree with a quite different compression direction (west-southwest-east-northeast) and are restricted to the hemipelagic sequences above the décollement. They could be related to the heterogeneous internal deformation of this layer. Although isolated normal faults exist, their occurrence as clusters is restricted to the Shikoku Basin hemipelagic sequences and indicate a east-west to northwest-southeast extension axis (?3). Finally, the analysis of Mohr diagrams related to the best-fitting tensors shows some similarities and differences between the fault populations of the turbidite and those of the hemipelagite sequences. The angle of friction corresponding to 95% of the data is 30° +/- 5°, whereas including the remaining 5% in turbidites and hemipelagites would result in a lower friction angle (18° +/- 8°). The major difference concerns the angle between conjugate sets which are about 60° in the turbidites and lower (35°- 40°) in a 200 m thick zone above the décollement and can be explained by higher fluid pressure in the hemipelagites or by odd mechanical properties of this hemipelagic material.
    Keywords: 131-808C; Angle; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Joides Resolution; Leg131; Number of faults; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Philippine Sea; Plunge; Ratio; Sample code/label; Sample code/label 2; Trend
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 173 data points
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  • 8
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 216: 9-20.
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Geological sediments tend to strengthen during progressive burial but the interplay of porosity and permeability, strain and effective stress gives rise to numerous circumstances in which the strength increase can be temporarily reversed. The sediment becomes capable of bulk movement -- sediment mobilization. Most explanations involve overpressuring, which results from additional loading being sustained by pore-fluid that is unable to dissipate adequately, leading to frictional strength reduction. The processes are highly heterogeneous, areally and with depth. The loads can be external ( dynamic') and both monotonic (e.g. a rapidly added suprajacent mass) and cyclic (e.g. the passage of waves), internal (e.g. the result of mineral reactions) and hydraulic (e.g. injection of external fluid). The sediments may become liquidized -- that is, lose strength completely and behave as a fluid -- through temporary fabric collapse (sensitive sediments) because loads are borne entirely by the pore-fluid (liquefaction), or by the grains becoming buoyant (fluidization), typically due to the ingress of externally derived fluids. In response to hydraulic gradients, buoyancy forces and reversed viscosity or density gradients, the weakened sediment may undergo bulk movement, though this requires failure of the enclosing material and sustained gradients. Mobilized but non-liquidized sediments retain some residual strength but can attain large shear displacements under critical state conditions.
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  • 9
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    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 216: 35-50.
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: A numerical code has been used to simulate the flow patterns in geological soft sediments that are driven by buoyancy forces resulting from reverse-density stratification. The aim was to provide a clearer understanding of the different roles of initiating conditions, inertia and rheological behaviour on the morphologies and timing of formation of natural features such as load casts and flame structures. Particular attention was paid to the cuspate form of rising intrusions that is commonly seen in nature but that has proved elusive in most earlier experiments. The numerical results demonstrate that large localised initiating perturbations and inertial influence during flow both tend to cause a decrease in the wavelength of the resulting flow pattern and can, under certain circumstances, serve to promote a cuspate morphology. The use of a relatively low viscosity Newtonian fluid as an approximation of the coarse-grained upper layer coupled with, critically, power-law behaviour in the underlying clayey layer was also found to promote a cuspate form in the rising intrusion.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Subsurface sediment mobilization (SSM) -- which includes soft sediment deformations, sand injections, shale diapirs and mud volcanoes -- is more widespread than previously thought. The ever-increasing resolution of subsurface data yielded many new observations of SSM, not only from regions obviously prone to sediment remobilization, such as an active tectonic setting or in a region with exceptionally large sediment supply, but also from tectonically quiescent areas. Until now, all the different aspects of SSM have largely been treated as separate phenomena. There is very little cross-referencing between, for example, studies of mud volcanoes and those of sand injections, although both are caused by sediment fluidization. Divisions according to sediment type, mobilization depth or triggering mechanism make little sense when trying to understand the processes of SSM. There is a gradation in mobilization processes that cause considerable overlap between categories in any classification. Hence, it is necessary to integrate our understanding of all types of SSM, regardless of scale, depth, location, grain size or triggering mechanism. In addition, polygonal faults are important in this context, as this nontectonic structural style is closely associated with sedimentary injections and may also reflect large scale mobilization. The main goal of this volume is to help develop a more integrated understanding of subsurface sediment mobilization. It contains specific case studies and a number of overview papers about the mechanisms of sediment mobilization in the subsurface (Maltman & Bolton), about polygonal faulting (Cartwright) and about shale diapirs (Morley). Other recent review papers were published about sand ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
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