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  • 1
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    Dynamical mass ejection from binary neutron star mergers (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-19
    Description: We present fully general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron star mergers with a temperature and composition dependent nuclear equation of state. We study the dynamical mass ejection from both quasi-circular and dynamical-capture eccentric mergers. We systematically vary the level of our treatment of the microphysics to isolate the effects of neutrino cooling and heating and we compute the nucleosynthetic yields of the ejecta. We find that eccentric binaries can eject significantly more material than quasi-circular binaries and generate bright infrared and radio emission. In all our simulations the outflow is composed of a combination of tidally- and shock-driven ejecta, mostly distributed over a broad ~60° angle from the orbital plane, and, to a lesser extent, by thermally driven winds at high latitudes. Ejecta from eccentric mergers are typically more neutron rich than those of quasi-circular mergers. We find neutrino cooling and heating to affect, quantitatively and qualitatively, composition, morphology, and total mass of the outflows. This is also reflected in the infrared and radio signatures of the binary. The final nucleosynthetic yields of the ejecta are robust and insensitive to input physics or merger type in the regions of the second and third r-process peaks. The yields for elements on the first peak vary between our simulations, but none of our models is able to explain the Solar abundances of first-peak elements without invoking additional first-peak contributions from either neutrino and viscously-driven winds operating on longer time-scales after the mergers, or from core-collapse supernovae.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Enhanced magnetization at the Cr/MgO(001) interface (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: We report on the magnetization at the Cr/MgO interface, which we studied through two complementary techniques: angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and polarized neutron reflectivity. We experimentally observe an enhanced interface magnetization at the interface, yet with values much smaller than the ones reported so far by theoretical and experimental studies on Cr(001) surfaces. Our findings cast some doubts on the interpretations on previous works and could be useful in antiferromagnetic spin torque studies.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Dual Antiferromagnetic Coupling at La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO_{3}/SrRuO_{3} Interfaces (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-10
    Description: Author(s): A. Solignac, R. Guerrero, P. Gogol, T. Maroutian, F. Ott, L. Largeau, Ph. Lecoeur, and M. Pannetier-Lecoeur We have studied the magnetic hysteresis cycle of La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 /SrRuO 3 antiferromagnetically coupled bilayers, by magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectometry. A positive exchange bias as well as an unusual asymmetry are observed on the magnetic reversal process of the La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 layer. ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 027201] Published Mon Jul 09, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Magnetic effects induced by self-ion irradiation of Fe films (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-15
    Description: Author(s): K. Papamihail, K. Mergia, F. Ott, Yves Serruys, Th. Speliotis, G. Apostolopoulos, and S. Messoloras Iron magnetic moment enhancement is observed following the irradiation of iron films with 490 keV F e + at room temperature. The iron magnetic moment enhancement increases to saturation with irradiation dose. The enhanced magnetic moment decays exponentially to its value before the irradiation with a … [Phys. Rev. B 93, 100404(R)] Published Mon Mar 14, 2016
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Temperature-dependent regulation of flowering by antagonistic FLM variants (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: The appropriate timing of flowering is crucial for plant reproductive success. It is therefore not surprising that intricate genetic networks have evolved to perceive and integrate both endogenous and environmental signals, such as carbohydrate and hormonal status, photoperiod and temperature. In contrast to our detailed understanding of the vernalization pathway, little is known about how flowering time is controlled in response to changes in the ambient growth temperature. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the MADS-box transcription factor genes FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) have key roles in this process. FLM is subject to temperature-dependent alternative splicing. Here we report that the two main FLM protein splice variants, FLM-beta and FLM-delta, compete for interaction with the floral repressor SVP. The SVP-FLM-beta complex is predominately formed at low temperatures and prevents precocious flowering. By contrast, the competing SVP-FLM-delta complex is impaired in DNA binding and acts as a dominant-negative activator of flowering at higher temperatures. Our results show a new mechanism that controls the timing of the floral transition in response to changes in ambient temperature. A better understanding of how temperature controls the molecular mechanisms of flowering will be important to cope with current changes in global climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pose, David -- Verhage, Leonie -- Ott, Felix -- Yant, Levi -- Mathieu, Johannes -- Angenent, Gerco C -- Immink, Richard G H -- Schmid, Markus -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 21;503(7476):414-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12633. Epub 2013 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Spemannstr. 35, 72076 Tubingen, Germany [2] Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (D.P.); Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA (L.Y.); Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853-1801, USA (J.M.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing/*genetics ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Flowers/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Binding ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Protein kinase C{beta} inhibition ameliorates EAE [Medical Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark of acute inflammatory lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This disruption may precede and facilitate the infiltration of encephalitogenic T cells. The signaling events that lead to this BBB disruption are incompletely understood but appear...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Pinpointing the near-infrared location of Sgr A* by correcting optical distortion in the NACO imager (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-06
    Description: Near-infrared observations of stellar orbits at the Galactic Center provide conclusive evidence for a massive black hole associated with the compact radio source Sgr A*. The astrometric reference frame for these observations is tied to a set of red giant stars, which are also detectable at radio wavelengths through SiO maser emission in their envelopes. We have improved the precision and long-term stability of this reference frame, in which Sgr A* is localized to within a factor 5 better than previously: ~0.17 mas in position (in 2009) and ~0.07 mas yr –1 in velocity. This improvement is the result of modelling and correcting optical distortion in the VLT/NACO imager to a submas level and including new infrared and radio measurements, which now both span more than a decade in time. A further improvement will follow future observations and facilitate the detection of relativistic orbital effects.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Chemical versus mechanical denudation in meta‐clastic and carbonate bedrock catchments on Crete, Greece, and mechanisms for steep and high carbonate topography (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: ABSTRACT On Crete — as is common elsewhere in the Mediterranean — carbonate massifs form high mountain ranges whereas topography is lower in areas with meta‐clastic rocks. This observation suggests that differences in denudational processes between carbonate‐rich rocks and quartzofeldspathic units impart a fundamental control on landscape evolution. Here we present new cosmogenic basin‐average denudation rate measurements from both 10Be and 36Cl in meta‐clastic and carbonate bedrock catchments, respectively, to assess relationships between denudation rates, processes, and topographic form. We compare total denudation rates to dissolution rates calculated from 49 new and previously published water samples. Basin‐average denudation rates of meta‐clastic and carbonate catchments are similar, with mean values of ~ 0.10 mm/a and ~ 0.13 mm/a, respectively. The contribution of dissolution to total denudation rate was 〈 10% in the one measured meta‐clastic catchment, and ~ 40% for carbonate catchments (~ 0.05 mm/a), suggesting the dominance of physical over chemical weathering at the catchment scale in both rock types. Water mass‐balance calculations for three carbonate catchments suggests 40‐90% of surface runoff is lost to groundwater. To explore the impact of dissolution and infiltration to groundwater on relief, we develop a numerical model for carbonate denudation. We find that dissolution modifies the river profile channel steepness, and infiltration changes the fluvial response time to external forcing. Furthermore, we show that infiltration of surface runoff to groundwater in karst regions is an efficient way to steepen topography and generate the dramatic relief in carbonates observed throughout Crete and the Mediterranean.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9003
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9011
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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