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  • 1
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    Ammonia-water absorption cycle: a prospective way to transport low-grade heat energy over long distance (2011)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: The ammonia–water absorption cycle could transfer thermal energy into chemical energy by the change in solution concentration, which low-grade heat released by industry-concentrated areas could be utilized to provide heating or cooling in the user site over long distance. No heat insulation is required for the transportation pipelines and the energy consumption is reduced greatly. The simulation researches show that thermal coefficient of performance (COP) is at 0.5 and exergy efficiency is 〉0.2 when generation temperature is at 110°C to provide cooling in summer; thermal COP is at 0.6 and exergy efficiency is 〉0.3 to provide heating in winter. Electrical COP as high as 50 could be realized if the transportation distance is 〉50 km. Therefore, the COP of the system is determined by thermal COP (nearly equal). An experimental prototype has been built to testify this theory. Thermal COP is 0.43 when chilled water at 8°C is obtained in summer. In winter, thermal COP is 0.45 when hot water at 58°C is obtained. The deviations between experimental and simulation results are ~20%. The economic assessment based on the reasonable assumptions shows that the investment cost of the transportation pipelines of a 500 MW, 50 km system could be recovered within 15 months, in which the whole system costs could be recovered within 4 years.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Cooperative Scheduling for Adaptive Duty Cycling in Asynchronous Sensor Networks (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: To support the sustainable operation of wireless sensor networks using limited energy, duty cycling is a promising solution. However, it is a challenge to guarantee each node communicating with its neighbors under duty cycle when the network is asynchronous. The challenge becomes bigger when nodes’ duty cycles are required to be adjusted separately according to their demands to save energy and achieve high channel utilization. Existing low power listening- and contention-based protocols are not energy-efficient and cannot ensure high channel utility. Additionally, synchronization-based media access control (MAC) protocols suffer from extra energy consumption and low synchronization precision. This paper proposes a localized and on-demand (LOD) duty cycling scheme based on a specifically designed semi-quorum system. LOD can adjust duty cycle of each node adaptively according to its demand so as to avoid channel contention, consequently achieving high channel utilization. This allows the fairness for channel access within asynchronous sensor networks. Extensive experiments are conducted on a real test-bed of 100 TelosB nodes to evaluate the performance of LOD. As compared with B-MAC, LOD substantially reduces contention for channel access and the energy consumption, thus improving the network throughput significantly.
    Print ISSN: 0010-4620
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2067
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Power Optimization in Logic Synthesis for Mixed Polarity Reed-Muller Logic Circuits (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Mixed Polarity Reed-Muller (MPRM) logic draws more and more attention for its advantages over Boolean logic. This paper works on power optimization in logic synthesis for MPRM logic circuits. We present a power estimation model for MPRM logic circuits from a probabilistic point of view. A key feature of this technique is that it provides an accurate and efficient way to handle temporal signal correlations during estimation of average power by using lag-one Markov chains. Besides, an ordered binary decision diagrams-based procedure is used to propagate the temporal correlations from the primary inputs throughout the network. At last, this power estimation model is used in low power synthesis for MPRM logic circuits. This model has been evaluated in C language and a comparative analysis has been presented for many benchmark circuits. The results show that this model gives very good accuracy and does well in low power design for MPRM logic circuit.
    Print ISSN: 0010-4620
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2067
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Fucosyltransferase VII improves the function of selectin ligands on cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-08
    Description: Selectins and their carbohydrate ligands mediate the homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to the bone marrow. We have previously shown that ex vivo fucosylation of selectin ligands on HSPCs by α1,3 fucosyltransferase VI (FUT6) leads to improved human cord blood (CB)-HSPC engraftment in non-obese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. In the present study, we determined whether surface fucosylation with α1,3 fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7), which is primarily expressed by hematopoietic cells, improves the function of selectin ligands on CB-HSPCs in comparison with FUT6. A saturating amount of either FUT6 or FUT7, which generates comparable levels of expression of fucosylated epitopes on CB CD34 + cells, was used for these experiments. In vitro, FUT7-treated CB CD34 + cells exhibited greater binding to P- or E-selectin than that of FUT6-treated CB CD34 + cells under static or physiological flow conditions. In vivo, FUT7 treatment, like FUT6, improved the early engraftment of CB CD34 + cells in the bone marrow of sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID interleukin (IL)-2R null (NSG) mice. FUT7 also exhibited marginally—yet statistically significant—increased engraftment at 4 and 6 weeks after transplantation. In addition, FUT7-treated CB CD34 + cells exhibited increased homing to the bone marrow of irradiated NSG mice relative to sham-treated cells. These data indicate that FUT7 is effective at improving the function of selectin ligands on CB-HSPCs in vitro and enhancing early engraftment of treated CB-HSPCs in the bone marrow of recipients.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Momentum Distribution of Near-Zero-Energy Photoelectrons in the Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization in the Long Wavelength Limit (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: We investigate the ionization dynamics of Argon atoms irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser of a wavelength up to 3100 nm, addressing the momentum distribution of the photoelectrons with near-zero-energy. We find a surprising accumulation in the momentum distribution corresponding to meV energy and a “V”-like structure at the slightly larger transverse momenta. Semiclassical simulations indicate the crucial role of the Coulomb attraction between the escaping electron and the remaining ion at an extremely large distance. Tracing back classical trajectories, we find the tunneling electrons born in a certain window of the field phase and transverse velocity are responsible for the striking accumulation. Our theoretical results are consistent with recent meV-resolved high-precision measurements. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep11473
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Performance analysis of superconducting generator electromagnetic shielding (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: In this paper, the shielding performance of electromagnetic shielding systems is analyzed using the finite element method. Considering the non-iron-core rotor structure of superconducting generators, it is proposed that the stator alternating magnetic field generated under different operating conditions could decompose into oscillating and rotating magnetic field, so that complex issues could be greatly simplified. A 1200KW superconducting generator was analyzed. The distribution of the oscillating magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field in rotor area, which are generated by stator winding currents, and the distribution of the eddy currents in electromagnetic shielding tube, which are induced by these stator winding magnetic fields, are calculated without electromagnetic shielding system and with three different structures of electromagnetic shielding system respectively. On the basis of the results of FEM, the shielding factor of the electromagnetic shielding systems is c...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    The protein kinase activity of fructokinase A specifies the antioxidant responses of tumor cells by phosphorylating p62 (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Cancer cells often encounter oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether normal and cancer cells differentially respond to oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrated that under oxidative stress, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit increased antioxidative response and survival rates compared to normal hepatocytes. Oxidative stimulation induces HCC-specifically expressed fructokinase A (KHK-A) phosphorylation at S80 by 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. KHK-A in turn acts as a protein kinase to phosphorylate p62 at S28, thereby blocking p62 ubiquitination and enhancing p62’s aggregation with Keap1 and Nrf2 activation. Activated Nrf2 promotes expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species reduction, cell survival, and HCC development in mice. In addition, phosphorylation of KHK-A S80 and p62 S28 and nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 are positively correlated in human HCC specimens and with poor prognosis of patients with HCC. These findings underscore the role of the protein kinase activity of KHK-A in antioxidative stress and HCC development.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Strongly correlated quantum walks with a 12-qubit superconducting processor (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Quantum walks are the quantum analogs of classical random walks, which allow for the simulation of large-scale quantum many-body systems and the realization of universal quantum computation without time-dependent control. We experimentally demonstrate quantum walks of one and two strongly correlated microwave photons in a one-dimensional array of 12 superconducting qubits with short-range interactions. First, in one-photon quantum walks, we observed the propagation of the density and correlation of the quasiparticle excitation of the superconducting qubit and quantum entanglement between qubit pairs. Second, when implementing two-photon quantum walks by exciting two superconducting qubits, we observed the fermionization of strongly interacting photons from the measured time-dependent long-range anticorrelations, representing the antibunching of photons with attractive interactions. The demonstration of quantum walks on a quantum processor, using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms and tomographic readout, paves the way to quantum simulation of many-body phenomena and universal quantum computation.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Crystal structure of the cytochrome bc1 complex from bovine heart mitochondria (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: On the basis of x-ray diffraction data to a resolution of 2.9 angstroms, atomic models of most protein components of the bovine cytochrome bc1 complex were built, including core 1, core 2, cytochrome b, subunit 6, subunit 7, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of cytochrome c1, and an amino-terminal fragment of the iron-sulfur protein. The positions of the four iron centers within the bc1 complex and the binding sites of the two specific respiratory inhibitors antimycin A and myxothiazol were identified. The membrane-spanning region of each bc1 complex monomer consists of 13 transmembrane helices, eight of which belong to cytochrome b. Closely interacting monomers are arranged as symmetric dimers and form cavities through which the inhibitor binding pockets can be accessed. The proteins core 1 and core 2 are structurally similar to each other and consist of two domains of roughly equal size and identical folding topology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, D -- Yu, C A -- Kim, H -- Xia, J Z -- Kachurin, A M -- Zhang, L -- Yu, L -- Deisenhofer, J -- GM 30721/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):60-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimycin A/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytochrome b Group/chemistry ; Cytochromes c1/chemistry ; Dimerization ; Electron Transport Complex III/*chemistry/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/enzymology ; Iron/metabolism ; Methacrylates ; Mitochondria, Heart/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thiazoles/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Quantum Interference of Glory Rescattering in Strong-Field Atomic Ionization (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-04
    Description: Author(s): Q. Z. Xia, J. F. Tao, J. Cai, L. B. Fu, and J. Liu During the ionization of atoms irradiated by linearly polarized intense laser fields, we find for the first time that the transverse momentum distribution of photoelectrons can be well fitted by a squared zeroth-order Bessel function because of the quantum interference effect of glory rescattering. ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 143201] Published Wed Oct 03, 2018
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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