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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 525 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 525 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 142 (1981), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. A rhythm with three peaks and troughs during the year exists for the size of the receptive field for grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions (Fig. 5). To determine the role of photoperiod in regulating this rhythm, cats with pontile lesions were studied in two different experiments involving photoperiod manipulations. 2. In the first experiment two groups of cats with pontile lesions were exposed to continuously-varying LD cycles, with one group exposed to a schedule of LD cycles with progressively longer photoperiods and the other group in an adjacent room simultaneously exposed to a schedule of LD cycles with progressively shorter photoperiods. The schedules were controlled by automatic clocks which provided the naturally-occurring changes in sunlight photoperiods. The size of the receptive field for the two groups diverged and then reconverged after the LD cycles passed through opposite solstices (Fig. 1). 3. In the second photoperiod manipulation, the cats were exposed to fixed LD cycles. The size of the receptive field for grooming reflexes was monitored until stable endpoints were obtained (Fig. 2). The stable endpoints, when plotted with their respective photoperiods, indicated an approximately linear trend between LD 10∶14 and LD 15∶9 (decreasing), with reversals of this trend at both extremes (Fig. 3). 4. The data from the photoperiod manipulations were compared with previous longitudinal data. Biweekly measures of the size of the receptive field from three previous longitudinal studies were combined. The 26 biweekly means when plotted with their respective photoperiods exhibited an approximately linearly decreasing trend with reversals at both extremes (Fig. 4), a pattern similar to the one obtained with the photoperiod manipulations. 5. The results were discussed in terms of Bünning's model of photoperiodic control. This model has the versatility to account for complex rhythms during the year, a versatility provided basically by the circadian oscillator and the possibility of phase control by the particular LD cycle. Auto-interaction, a phenomenon well known in enzymology and pharmacology, is a possible mechanism which increases the versatility of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 52-60 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Rhythms ; Bimodal ; Temperature ; Photoperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two years of monthly values of birth data for the USA, 1967 through 1988, were analyzed by visual inspection. The data were transformed to remove the influence of length of month and of linear trend, and the values were lagged 9 months to approximate the time of conception. Then, 11-year monthly averages were obtained and plotted as standard scores. Thus two 11-year sets of data were independently analyzed, providing the opportunity of replication. Four distinct temporal patterns were found, differing in month of occurrence of the initial trough and peak and the relative sizes of the two troughs; these characteristics of the temporal pattern change systematically with latitude in the eastern and midwestern states. Data from two other continents, the United Kingdom and Australia, also were analyzed using the same method and found to exhibit a temporal pattern during the year similar to the northern states of the USA. Two biologically relevant variables, temperature and photoperiod, were considered as possible controllers and regulators of the annual rhythmicity. Comparisons of the trends in conceptions with these environmental variables, and inspections of the temperatures and photoperiods at which peaks and troughs in conceptions were found, indicated that these environmental variables could not account for the annual rhythmicity in conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 38 (1995), S. 84-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Conception ; Latitude ; Human reproduction ; Geography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper offers data to suggest an effect of geographic latitude in regard to the frequency of conception in human populations. The birth statistics from eight countries in different parts of the world have been evaluated. A particularly strong minimum appears to occur in almost all regions but is shifted in time with changing latitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Cycles ; Sunspots ; Magnetic disturbances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The prominent endogenous cycle of the sun, with a period of approximately 11 years, is correlated with human conceptions. Time series methods (periodograms and periodic regression analyses) established that an approximate 11-year period exists in the data on births in the 20th century (1909–1985) in the United States and in New Zealand. Statistical comparisons indicated a reliable and direct relationship of conceptions with the approximately 11-year sunspot cycle. These findings were discussed in terms of the possible mediating role of geomagnetic disturbances and other factors that have been suggested in the literature to mediate human conception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 37 (1993), S. 72-77 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Human births ; Conception ; 11-Year cycles ; Magnetic disturbances ; Sunspots ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The annual numbers of human births were analyzed with regard to an 11-year cycle. The annual values were obtained from seven different regions: Australia, Germany, England and Wales, New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, and the USA. Fifty-five annual values were obtained from each region for the years 1930 to 1984, comprising approximately five sunspot cycles. For each region the annual values were formed into 5 by 11 matrices; the eleven column means obtained were standardized, and plotted. A periodic regression technique, utilizing the fitting functions of the Fourier series, was used to evaluate the temporal order in the column means. Eleven-year rhythms were found and compared with solar and geophysical variables. Correlations were found with sunspots and solar flares, with terrestrial measures of magnetic disturbances (the magnetic indices derived from the K-index), and with temperature. The correlation of conceptions with the 11-year solar cycle may be a potential guide in the selection of further variables for the control and regulation of the rhythms in human conceptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 67-70 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: semiannual ; melatonin ; rhythms ; time series ; season ; seasonal disorders ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Data from the 19th century on hallucinations and magnetic disturbances were found to exhibit a direct and statistically significant correlation. The aa magnetic index over the period 1868-89 and concurrent visual hallucinatory activity were found to co-vary (Spearman coefficient = .64; P 〈 .05). Magnetic influences on the pineal hormone, melatonin, are suggested as a possible source of variation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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