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  • 1
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    Questioning a Central Asian origin of dogs [Biological Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: A recent study by Shannon et al. (1) proposes a Central Asian domestication origin of dogs, based upon the finding that Central Asia had the lowest short-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) among village dogs across the globe. A reanalysis of their data, however, suggests that these conclusions may require revision. First,...
    Keywords: Letters
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The effects of insulating coatings and current prepulse on tungsten planar wire array Z-pinches (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: This paper presents experimental results on the effects of insulating coatings and current prepulse on tungsten planar wire array Z-pinches on ∼100 ns main current facility. Optical framing images indicated that without a current prepulse the wire ablation process was asymmetrical and the implosion was zippered. The x-ray peak power was ∼320 GW. By using insulating coatings on the wire surface the asymmetry remained, and the processes of ablation and implosion were delayed by ∼30 ns. The x-ray burst was narrow and decreased to ∼200 GW. When current prepulses were used on both standard and insulated wire arrays, implosion symmetry was improved and the x-ray burst was improved (to ∼520 GW peak power). In addition, there was a strong emitting precursor column for insulated loads with the current prepulse.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Effect of plasma motion on tearing modes in cylindrical plasmas (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: The effect of equilibrium plasma motion on the resistive m / n  = 2/1 tearing mode (TM) in low β plasmas is investigated in cylindrical geometry (with m and n being poloidal and toroidal mode numbers). Without equilibrium plasma motion but with viscosity, the TM stability is mainly determined by the Reynolds number S and reaches maximum near S  = 10 4 , which is consistent with previous findings. The poloidal plasma rotation has stabilizing effect on TM; however, the rotation shear has destabilization effect in the low viscosity regime. The axial plasma motion has strong stabilizing effect on TM in the low viscosity regime for Prandtl number P r  
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Multi-field plasma sandpile model in tokamaks and applications (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-01
    Description: A multi-field sandpile model of tokamak plasmas is formulated for the first time to simulate the dynamic process with interaction between avalanche events on the fast/micro time-scale and diffusive transports on the slow/macro time-scale. The main characteristics of the model are that both particle and energy avalanches of sand grains are taken into account simultaneously. New redistribution rules of a sand-relaxing process are defined according to the transport properties of special turbulence which allows the uphill particle transport. Applying the model, we first simulate the steady-state plasma profile self-sustained by drift wave turbulences in the Ohmic discharge of a tokamak. A scaling law as f = a q 0 b + c for the relation of both center-density n ( 0 ) and electron (ion) temperatures T e ( 0 ) ( T i ( 0 ) ) with the center-safety-factor q 0 is found. Then interesting work about the nonlocal transport phenomenon observed in tokamak experiments proceeds. It is found that the core electron temperature increases rapidly in response to the edge cold pulse and inversely it decreases in response to the edge heat pulse. The results show that the nonlocal response of core electron temperature depending on the amplitudes of background plasma density and temperature is more remarkable in a range of gas injection rate. Analyses indicate that the avalanche transport caused by plasma drift instabilities with thresholds is a possible physical mechanism for the nonlocal transport in tokamaks. It is believed that the model is capable of being applied to more extensive questions occurring in the transport field.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and yield strength of a cold-rolled enameling steel (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-12
    Description: The mechanisms of yield strength reduction of a cold-rolled enameling steel after enamel-fire annealing at 760?C by air cooling, and the effect of the tempering process on the microstructure and yield strength, are studied by combining experiments and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that after heat treatment at 760?C and air cooling, the lump phase, enriched with the element carbon, appears along the ferrite grain boundaries, which leads to yield strength reduction. After tempering at 200?C?400?C, the lump phase disappears gradually and is transformed to lamellar pearlite as the tempering temperature increases, resulting in the yield strength increasing.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    A visual tool for defining reproducibility and replicability (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2397-3374
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
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  • 7
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    Publisher Correction: A visual tool for defining reproducibility and replicability (2019)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2397-3374
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
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  • 8
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    Seismic structure interpretation based on machine learning: A case study in coal mining (2019)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Interpretation of geologic structures entails ambiguity and uncertainties. It usually requires interpreter judgment and is time consuming. Deep exploitation of resources challenges the accuracy and efficiency of geologic structure interpretation. The application of machine-learning algorithms to seismic interpretation can effectively solve these problems. We analyzed the theory and applicability of five machine-learning algorithms. Seismic forward modeling is a key connection between the model and seismic response, and it can obtain seismic data of known geologic structures. Based on the modeling data, we first optimized the seismic attributes sensitive to the target geologic structure and then we verified the accuracy of the five machine-learning algorithms by the cross-checking method. In this case, the random forest algorithm had the highest accuracy. So we examined the structural interpretation method based on a random forest using the 3D seismic reflection data from coalfield exploration. The prediction effect of this interpretation workflow is verified by comparison with known geologic structures on the plane and profile. The results suggest that the random forest algorithm is feasible to indicate geologic structure interpretations in the case of collapsed column and fault structures and it can effectively improve the efficiency of seismic interpretation and its accuracy. The machine-learning-based workflow provides a new technique for seismic structure interpretation in coal mining.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 2324-8858
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-8866
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 9
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    Finite toroidal flow generated by unstable tearing mode in a toroidal plasma (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: The neoclassical toroidal plasma viscosity torque and electromagnetic torque, generated by tearing mode (TM) in a toroidal plasma, are numerically investigated using the MARS-Q code [Liu et al ., Phys. Plasmas 20 , 042503 (2013)]. It is found that an initially unstable tearing mode can intrinsically drive a toroidal plasma flow resulting in a steady state solution, in the absence of the external momentum input and external magnetic field perturbation. The saturated flow is in the order of 0.5% ω A at the q = 2 rational surface in the considered case, with q and ω A being the safety factor and the Alfven frequency at the magnetic axis, respectively. The generation of the toroidal flow is robust, being insensitive to the given amplitude of the perturbation at initial state. On the other hand, the flow amplitude increases with increasing the plasma resistivity. Furthermore, the initially unstable tearing mode is fully stabilized by non-linear interaction with the self-generated toroidal flow.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Epigenetic silencing of TH1-type chemokines shapes tumour immunity and immunotherapy (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-28
    Description: Epigenetic silencing including histone modifications and DNA methylation is an important tumorigenic mechanism. However, its role in cancer immunopathology and immunotherapy is poorly understood. Using human ovarian cancers as our model, here we show that enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2)-mediated histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-mediated DNA methylation repress the tumour production of T helper 1 (TH1)-type chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, and subsequently determine effector T-cell trafficking to the tumour microenvironment. Treatment with epigenetic modulators removes the repression and increases effector T-cell tumour infiltration, slows down tumour progression, and improves the therapeutic efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; also known as B7-H1) checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell transfusion in tumour-bearing mice. Moreover, tumour EZH2 and DNMT1 are negatively associated with tumour-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and patient outcome. Thus, epigenetic silencing of TH1-type chemokines is a novel immune-evasion mechanism of tumours. Selective epigenetic reprogramming alters the T-cell landscape in cancer and may enhance the clinical efficacy of cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779053/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4779053/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peng, Dongjun -- Kryczek, Ilona -- Nagarsheth, Nisha -- Zhao, Lili -- Wei, Shuang -- Wang, Weimin -- Sun, Yuqing -- Zhao, Ende -- Vatan, Linda -- Szeliga, Wojciech -- Kotarski, Jan -- Tarkowski, Rafal -- Dou, Yali -- Cho, Kathleen -- Hensley-Alford, Sharon -- Munkarah, Adnan -- Liu, Rebecca -- Zou, Weiping -- 5P30CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA099985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA123088/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA152470/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA156685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA171306/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA190176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA193136/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA099985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA123088/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA152470/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA156685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA171306/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA190176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA193136/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):249-53. doi: 10.1038/nature15520. Epub 2015 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland. ; The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Women's Health Services, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Graduate Program in Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD274/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Chemokine CXCL10/biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Chemokine CXCL9/biosynthesis/genetics/immunology ; Chemokines/biosynthesis/*genetics/immunology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/drug effects ; *Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology/*immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Th1 Cells/immunology/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Escape/immunology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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