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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 20 (1948), S. 60-61 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 59Co NMR, magnetotransport and grazing incidence x-ray scattering studies have been undertaken on a series of Co/Cu(111) multilayers, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and subsequently annealed. Magnetotransport measurements showed that the magnetoresistance (Δρ/ρ) decreased only slightly as the annealing temperature was increased, but both the resistivity ρ and the change in resistivity Δρ doubled. NMR measurements showed that the strain in the interior of the Co layers relaxed slightly as a result of annealing while the strain at the interfaces remained constant. A small increase in the ratio of the area under the main NMR line to the area under the interface line, together with a reduction of interface line area, suggests a slight deterioration in the quality of the interfaces as a result of annealing. These observations are consistent with the model that MBE grown multilayers require good quality interfaces for large magnetoresistance (MR). Data from x-ray measurements showed that the increase in resistivity could be explained as a result of alloying between the top Cu layer of the multilayer and the Au capping layer. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6300-6302 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 59Co and 55Mn NMR measurements have been made on a range of CoMn materials: dilute powder alloy, thin-film alloys, and multilayers. Our results suggest that in dilute alloys isolated atoms of Mn couple both ferro and antiferromagnetically to the Co host, with the latter producing a reduction in the magnitude of the Co hyperfine field of 17%. This reduction of hyperfine field appears similar for both the fcc and hcp phases of Co. NMR on Co/Mn sputtered multilayers shows large changes in the hyperfine field distribution between a film with Mn layers of 10 A(ring) and Mn layers of 30 A(ring). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6849-6851 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reversal processes in Tb/Fe multilayer films are reported. The form of the hysteresis is explained as a function of the number of bilayers in terms of a two-coercivity model. Remanence measurements have been made which provide an insight into the distribution of the energy barriers for the two coercive processes associated with nucleation or domain-wall motion. The time dependence of magnetization has also been measured and this has been used to evaluate fluctuation fields and activation volumes for the series of films. The variation of the fluctuation field with applied field indicates that the two-coercivity model proposed is consistent with the time dependence. An increase is seen in the average activation volume with the number of bilayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An initial study of the field dependence of 59Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been undertaken for two Co/Cu(111) multilayer films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The multilayer structure of the films was nominally identical, [Co(15 A(ring))/Cu(7 A(ring))]×20, however by growing the multilayers with similar structures on different buffer layers, Cu(200 A(ring)) and Au(10 A(ring)), saturation magnetoresistances ΔR/R of 4% and 22%, respectively, were obtained. The NMR signal in ferromagnetic materials arises due to the enhancement effect from the electronic magnetization. This enhancement effect is therefore a function of the domain structure and any external magnetic field. By applying a simple model of how the NMR enhancement factor varies with applied field, in the absence of a domain structure, the anisotropy fields at the interfaces and in the bulk were determined separately at T=4.2 K. These were then compared with the coercive field obtained from magnetization measurements. Our results show that at low temperature the anisotropy field at the interfaces is approximately equal to the coercivity obtained from magnetization measurements (260 Oe), while in the bulk the anisotropy field was found to be ∼550 Oe for the low magnetoresistance sample with ΔR/R=4%, and ∼1230 Oe for the high magnetoresistance sample with ΔR/R=22%.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6594-6596 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 59Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been undertaken to determine the local atomic environment of Co in Co/V multilayers, previously studied by magnetometry. These NMR measurements provide confirmation, on a local atomic scale, of the results deduced from the earlier magnetization study. Co/V multilayers show considerable interfacial mixing with a magnetically dead, vanadium rich layer penetrating approximately 2 Å into an adjoining Co layer. The presence of this dead layer has the effect of modifying the hyperfine field experienced by the Co nuclei at a distance of several atomic planes from the interface. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 3409-3411 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated arrays of magnetic islands in perpendicular CoCrPt media with ∼100 nm lateral dimension using a focused ion beam. A quasistatic write/read tester was used to study aspects of the recording physics of these patterned media. We present results on the variation of the readback signal as the phase of the written square wave changes with respect to the patterned array as a function of island size and write current. Using an analytic near-field expression for head field we are able to model how the observed dependence between phase shift and readback signal as a function of write current arises. This analysis allows us to gain an insight into the role of the island switching field distribution and the write head magnetic field gradient in the patterned media writing process. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Pt multilayers can exhibit large perpendicular anisotropies and coercivities that are very sensitive to the quality of the Co/Pt interfaces. We have characterized the dependence of coercivity of Co/Pt multilayers on irradiation with various ion species (He+, Ar+, and Ga+), energies (20 keV–2 MeV), and doses (1011–1017 ions/cm2), in order to understand better the nature of the structural changes responsible for the magnetic changes. We find that, in general, the system is much more sensitive to irradiation than expected on the basis of a nearest-neighbor coupling model and simple ballistic ion-beam mixing. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5549-5551 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 59Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of small Co particles in a SiO2 matrix have been measured. In zero field, strong signals were obtained in the frequency range of 210–250 MHz. The 59Co NMR frequency in fcc multi (single) domain particles is 217.4 (223) MHz. Possible contributions to the Co hyperfine field and changes to the Co magnetic moment in nanoclusters are discussed. An enhanced magnetic moment could be responsible for an increase in the hyperfine field leading to the observed NMR line at ∼243 MHz. Measurements of the transverse relaxation time (T2) as a function of temperature and field are reported.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4469-4471 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 59Co NMR and magnetotransport measurements have been undertaken on a series of molecular beam epitaxy grown Co 22 Å/Cu 32 Å(111) multilayers as a function of the number of repeat units in the multilayer stack. Examining the positions of the bulk [Co surrounded by 12 Co nearest neighbors (NN)] and ideal planar interface (Co surrounded by 9×Co and 3×Cu NN) lines showed that increasing the number of repeat units leads to greater strain in the Co layers indicating better epitaxial registry. Interfacial mixing was studied by examining the ratio of the relative signal strength of the bulk and ideal planar interface lines compared to the signal outside these regions. The relative intensity of the NMR signal outside the bulk and ideal interface lines clearly reduces as the number of repeat units is increased. This demonstrates that in these samples the interfacial quality improves as the number of repeat units is increased. Magnetotransport measurements show that the improvement in structural quality could be correlated with an increase in magnetoresistance ΔR/R.
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