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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 274 (1978), S. 240-241 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The silica-dolomites comprise a series (of variable thickness-up to 530m) of brecciated and recrystallised siliceous dolomites2'3. Early diagenetic gypsum and anhydrite have been replaced by quartz, dolomite, calcite and pyrrhotite. Rare minute anhydrite relics have been identified in some dolomite ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 27 (1992), S. 169-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pyrite textures in five stratiform lead-zinc deposits from lower to upper greenschist facies environment of the Canadian Cordillera are described and discussed in terms of deposition/early diagenesis, deformation, metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration processes. Overgrowth is an important process during both diagenesis and deformation. Diagenetic and deformational overgrowths can be distinguished. Diffusive mass transfer, involving pressure solution and oriented overgrowth of pyrite is the main deformation mechanism in pyrite deposits at low metamorphic grades. Although diffusive mass transfer favours fine-grained mineral aggregates, its effect on coarse pyrite grains has also been identified. Ore minerals dissolved by pressure solution may be transported, with the assistance of pore fluids within fractures and grain boundaries, over distances significantly greater than the scale of individual grains to give a range of pressure solution/overgrowth textures. The textural modification of pyritic ores from the early stages of diagnesis, through metamorphism and deformation, to post deformation thermal annealing, has important implications for the distribution of trace elements and isotopic compositions in pyritic ores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Chapman and Hall
    In:  London, Chapman and Hall, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65-66, (ISBN 3-936546-23-1, 2. Auflage 2005. 876 Seiten + CD-ROM)
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Textbook of geology ; Tectonics ; Subduction zone
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: The Revfallet Fault system, Heidrun area, offshore mid-Norway, illustrates considerable variation in structural style along strike which is attributed to variation in coupling between basement and cover (separated by Triassic salt), due to the variable displacement along the fault system and to distinct phases of shallow level as well as basement-involved extension. Deformation in the southern part of the fault is partitioned over a number of cover-graben and associated with the development of a monoclinal flexure above the basement fault system. With an increase in displacement northwards, cover-graben become grounded on the pre-salt basement resulting in the rotation and breaching of the extensional drape fold and, eventually, partial and full coupling between basement and cover fault systems. Analogue models were designed to simulate the 3D evolution of cover deformation above a variable displacement extensional fault separated from the cover by a ductile basal unit and to validate the structural interpretations and evolutionary models for the Revfallet Fault system. Analogue model results reveal the changing geometry along strike from a gentle extensional drape fold with minimal brittle deformation at low extension, to a breached drape fold system with significant rotation and collapse of the cover across the basement fault as displacement increases. Models conducted with a two-phase history -- shallow extension (orthogonal and oblique) followed by basement-involved extension illustrate variable reactivation of cover-graben along strike during the basement-involved event, and collapse and rotation of the extensional footwall to the basement fault as displacement increases to a maximum. Coupling between cover faults and the basement fault only occurred where an oblique, precursor cover-graben cuts across the basement fault from hanging wall to footwall. Closer examination of the structural and stratigraphic relationships reveals major discrepancies between throw on cover and basement fault segments. The analogue model results compare favourably to seismic data from the Revfallet Fault system and validate the structural model for this fault system.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The regional tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the offshore SE Mediterranean passive margin is evaluated using detailed 2D seismic interpretations. New models for the development of the margin are proposed in the context of the break-up of northern Gondwana and the subsequent evolution of the southern Neotethys Ocean. The SE Mediterranean margin is segmented into distinct rift and transform-dominated tectonic domains as a consequence of multiple phases of rifting and continental break-up during the Middle Triassic–Middle Jurassic (〈i〉c.〈/i〉 240–170 Ma) and the Late Jurassic–Mid-Cretaceous (〈i〉c.〈/i〉 145–93 Ma), controlled by reactivation of pre-existing Pan-African basement fabrics and shear zones in varying regional stress fields. The pre-existing basement-involved extensional fault systems were repeatedly reactivated during major phases of inversion in the late Santonian–Maastrichtian (〈i〉c.〈/i〉 84–65 Ma) and Middle–Late Eocene (〈i〉c.〈/i〉 49–37 Ma) and episodes of mild inversion during the Oligocene–Early Pleistocene, as a consequence of the convergence of the African–Arabian and Eurasian plates and closure of the Neotethys oceans. The inversion history was fundamentally controlled by the structure and along-strike segmentation of the margin inherited from Neotethyan rifting.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The Beagle Platform forms a structurally complex outboard boundary to the Mesozoic Beagle Sub-basin in the Northern Carnarvon Basin in 50–1000 m of water 〈i〉c.〈/i〉 250 km offshore on Australia's North West Shelf. North- and NE-trending conjugate fault systems link to form 〈i〉c.〈/i〉 5–10 km-wide rhomboidal horsts bound by 〈i〉c.〈/i〉 5 km-wide graben in complex orthorhombic symmetry.〈/p〉 〈p〉Interpretation of the Canning TQ3D three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey identified four populations of faults comprising: (1) latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous north–south-striking normal faults (Fault Population I); (2) latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous NE–SW-striking normal faults (Fault Population II); (3) Cretaceous polygonal faults (Fault Population III); and (4) Neogene–present-day north–south- and NE–SW-trending en echelon conjugate fault arrays (Fault Population IV). Structural interpretation, comprising fault seismic interpretation, displacement analyses and fault orientation analysis, illustrates that orthorhombic extensional faulting occurred penecontemporaneously.〈/p〉 〈p〉Three-dimensional non-plane strain with non-zero intermediate (〈i〉〈/i〉〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) extension magnitude controls the near-synchronous displacement of fault population I and II conjugate fault sets in orthorhombic symmetry to create the characteristic rhomboidal fault geometry. Neogene–present-day north–south- and NE–SW-striking en echelon conjugate fault arrays (Fault Population IV) form in response to oblique reactivation of these subjacent latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous polymodal faults (Fault Population I and Fault Population II). Fault Population I, II and IV together form a vertically decoupled (soft-linked) pseudo-conjugate fault system partitioned by a Cretaceous interval characterized by polygonal fault systems (Fault Population III) and monoclinic draping.〈/p〉 〈p〉The structural interpretation of the Beagle Platform illustrates a seismic-scale orthorhombic fault symmetry accommodating 3D strain and the insufficiency of plane-strain ‘Andersonian’ conjugate fault theory to resolve complex polymodal faulting evolved penecontemporaneously under a single stress regime. Subsequent oblique extension reactivation of these polymodal fault systems also demonstrates that complex soft-linked en echelon extensional conjugate fault arrays form in response to a single stress regime. This research supports the evolution of complex polymodal faulting under simple states of stress, and has implications for understanding the distribution, linkage and age of extensional faults within the Beagle Sub-basin and other extensional basins.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Segmented, planar, domino-style extensional fault arrays and their associated hanging wall fault-related folds form complex linked basins along the onshore margin of the northwestern Red Sea, Egypt. The extensional fault systems form half-graben basins with kilometre-scale, asymmetrical, doubly plunging longitudinal synclines and narrow, plunging transverse anticlines and synclines. The axial traces of the hanging wall longitudinal folds are curvilinear, sub-parallel to the half-graben Border faults, and bend or are offset at relay ramps and at fault linkage points. Transverse corner fold systems occur at the fault linkage points and fault jogs. The fold geometries, variations in fault displacement, and fault slip indicators indicate that the fold and fault systems are kinematically related and formed during the Late Oligocene–Miocene rifting of the northern Red Sea. The folds were controlled by vertical and lateral fault propagation and by the mechanical anisotropy of the pre-rift strata. The proposed model for these extensional folds is the initial formation of monoclinal flexures above reactivated blind basement faults. Increased displacement, propagation and segment linkage formed hanging wall longitudinal folds and transverse corner folds. The longitudinal folds grew progressively at the expense of the transverse folds and merged along-strike into long hanging wall synclinal basins.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0375-6440
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: Fault-related folds are common structural features found at a variety of scales in extensional settings, and have been recognized in both outcrop and subsurface studies. However, the detailed geometry and origin of complex 3D folds adjacent to normal faults are poorly known, and, in some cases, are interpreted to be due to strike-slip tectonics and post-rift contraction. Here we examine the 3D geometry of seismic-scale folds in a rift margin – the Red Sea – and discuss the interrelationship between the growth of normal faults and the development of their related folds. Detailed field mapping of the NW Red Sea rift system has shown that the rift margin is dominated by two large extensional fault systems formed by a series of linked NNW-, north–south- and NNE-striking fault segments. These linked segments exhibit distinct zigzag fault patterns and combine to form a number of NNW-trending faults that dip NE with dominant hanging-wall stratal dips to the SW. Hanging-wall stratal dips define 3D extensional fault-related synclinal folds in pre- and early synrift strata. The hanging-wall synclines are kilometre-scale, gently doubly plunging, with curved axial surface traces orientated sub-parallel to the bounding faults. Field data demonstrated that these folds are formed by along-strike variations in fault displacements, and they form transverse synclines combined with hanging-wall extensional fault-propagation folds. The complex 3D geometry of the hanging-wall synclines is the result of the along-strike segment linkage. Adjacent to the bounding faults, the stratal dips are sub-parallel to the faults as a result of extensional fault-propagation folding controlled by highly anisotropic pre-rift strata. Palaeo-strain analyses of fault-slip data, together with analysis of the fold geometry, clearly indicate that the faulting and folding in the NW Red Sea are formed by pure NE–SW extension during the Late Oligocene–Miocene rifting, and that contraction or strike-slip tectonics need not be invoked.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-11-10
    Description: Segmented, planar, domino-style extensional fault arrays and their associated hanging wall fault-related folds form complex linked basins along the onshore margin of the northwestern Red Sea, Egypt. The extensional fault systems form half-graben basins with kilometre-scale, asymmetrical, doubly plunging longitudinal synclines and narrow, plunging transverse anticlines and synclines. The axial traces of the hanging wall longitudinal folds are curvilinear, sub-parallel to the half-graben Border faults, and bend or are offset at relay ramps and at fault linkage points. Transverse corner fold systems occur at the fault linkage points and fault jogs. The fold geometries, variations in fault displacement, and fault slip indicators indicate that the fold and fault systems are kinematically related and formed during the Late Oligocene–Miocene rifting of the northern Red Sea. The folds were controlled by vertical and lateral fault propagation and by the mechanical anisotropy of the pre-rift strata. The proposed model for these extensional folds is the initial formation of monoclinal flexures above reactivated blind basement faults. Increased displacement, propagation and segment linkage formed hanging wall longitudinal folds and transverse corner folds. The longitudinal folds grew progressively at the expense of the transverse folds and merged along-strike into long hanging wall synclinal basins.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-03-25
    Description: The Beagle Platform forms a structurally complex outboard boundary to the Mesozoic Beagle Sub-basin in the Northern Carnarvon Basin in 50–1000 m of water c. 250 km offshore on Australia's North West Shelf. North- and NE-trending conjugate fault systems link to form c. 5–10 km-wide rhomboidal horsts bound by c. 5 km-wide graben in complex orthorhombic symmetry. Interpretation of the Canning TQ3D three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey identified four populations of faults comprising: (1) latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous north–south-striking normal faults (Fault Population I); (2) latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous NE–SW-striking normal faults (Fault Population II); (3) Cretaceous polygonal faults (Fault Population III); and (4) Neogene–present-day north–south- and NE–SW-trending en echelon conjugate fault arrays (Fault Population IV). Structural interpretation, comprising fault seismic interpretation, displacement analyses and fault orientation analysis, illustrates that orthorhombic extensional faulting occurred penecontemporaneously. Three-dimensional non-plane strain with non-zero intermediate ( 2 ) extension magnitude controls the near-synchronous displacement of fault population I and II conjugate fault sets in orthorhombic symmetry to create the characteristic rhomboidal fault geometry. Neogene–present-day north–south- and NE–SW-striking en echelon conjugate fault arrays (Fault Population IV) form in response to oblique reactivation of these subjacent latest Triassic–Early Cretaceous polymodal faults (Fault Population I and Fault Population II). Fault Population I, II and IV together form a vertically decoupled (soft-linked) pseudo-conjugate fault system partitioned by a Cretaceous interval characterized by polygonal fault systems (Fault Population III) and monoclinic draping. The structural interpretation of the Beagle Platform illustrates a seismic-scale orthorhombic fault symmetry accommodating 3D strain and the insufficiency of plane-strain ‘Andersonian’ conjugate fault theory to resolve complex polymodal faulting evolved penecontemporaneously under a single stress regime. Subsequent oblique extension reactivation of these polymodal fault systems also demonstrates that complex soft-linked en echelon extensional conjugate fault arrays form in response to a single stress regime. This research supports the evolution of complex polymodal faulting under simple states of stress, and has implications for understanding the distribution, linkage and age of extensional faults within the Beagle Sub-basin and other extensional basins.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
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