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  • 1
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    Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the northern Gulf of Mexico — MD02 Cruise (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geochemical Exploration 95 (2007): 1-15, doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.05.011.
    Description: Authigenic carbonates were sampled in piston cores collected from both the Tunica Mound and the Mississippi Canyon area on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico during a Marion Dufresne cruise in July 2002. The carbonates are present as hardgrounds, porous crusts, concretions or nodules and shell fragments with or without carbonate cements. Carbonates occurred at gas venting sites which are likely to overlie gas hydrates bearing sediments. Electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thinsection investigations show that these carbonates are high-Mg calcite (6 - 21 mol % MgCO3), with significant presence of framboidal pyrite. All carbonates are depleted in 13C (δ13C = -61.9 to -31.5 ‰ PDB) indicating that the carbon is derived mainly from anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). Age estimates based on 14C dating of shell fragments and on regional sedimentation rates indicate that these authigenic carbonates formed within the last 1,000 yr in the Mississippi Canyon and within 5,500 yr at the Tunica Mound. The oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates ranges from +3.4 to +5.9 ‰ PDB. Oxygen isotopic compositions and Mg2+ contents of carbonates, and present in-situ temperatures of bottom seawater/sediments, show that some of these carbonates, especially from a core associated with underlying massive gas hydrates precipitated in or near equilibrium with bottom-water. On the other hand, those carbonates more enriched in 18O are interpreted to have precipitated from 18O-rich fluids which are thought to have been derived from the dissociation of gas hydrates. The dissociation of gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico within the last 5,500 yr may be caused by nearby salt movement and related brines.
    Description: Financial support for this work was provided by the Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education and Science and the Research Grant from JAPEX.
    Keywords: Methane-derived authigenic carbonates ; Gulf of Mexico ; High Mg-calcite ; Carbon and oxygen isotope ; Age of authigenic carbonates ; Dissociation of gas hydrates
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentary and biotic evidence of a warm-water enclave in the cooler oceans of the latest Ordovician glacial phase, Yangtze Platform, South China block (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 14 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  During the Hirnantian period, the Yangtze Platform was situated in the western part of the South China block (SCB) before its later rotation, in the middle–low paleolatitudes of the southern hemisphere in the northeast side of peri-Gondwana. It is part of the Kosov faunal province as indicated by the Hirnantia fauna. Sedimentary evidence shows the domination of cool ventilated marine water from its offshore ramp and shelf. Hirnantian shallow-water carbonate facies (Kuanyinchiao Bed) overlie earlier Ashgill graptolitic black shales (Wufeng Formation) as a result of marine regression. In the Yangtze Platform, however, we have found local areas of intertidal to nearshore facies that lack the typical highly diverse Hirnantia fauna. Some warm-water features (radial oolites, peloids, diverse solitary rugose corals and other benthic shelly fauna) occur commonly in some limited shallow areas, forming grainstones and packstones. Although interglacial episodes within the Hirnantian glaciation could be responsible for these features, their limited occurrence within the interior of the platform leads us to interpret the deposits as indicating that cold-water currents from the southeastern high latitudes were partly excluded from the nearshore area of the Yangtze Platform. The landmass of the eastern SCB in the Hirnantian epoch prevented access to some areas of the cold marine water masses that flowed from higher latitudes of Gondwana; the result was a persistence of warm-water shallow marine facies in some areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00472.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed-water and hydrothermal dolomitization of the Pliocene Shirahama Limestone, Izu Peninsula, central Japan (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 35 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The early Pliocene Shirahama Limestone is a grainstone-packstone principally composed of fragments of algae, bryozoa, and echinoderm and subordinate volcanic rocks. The limestone was variously dolomitized and the regional distribution of dolomite is patchy. Dolomite occurs as isolated crystals filling pores, moulds, and solution vugs, and mosaic aggregates replacing bioclasts. Calcite occurs as rim and pore-filling sparry cements, and as calcareous skeletons. Isotopically, the dolomites are classified into a heavy oxygen group (−2 to − 3.5%0 PDB) and a light oxygen group (−5.5 to − 7.5%0 PDB). Calcite associated with heavy oxygen dolomite has δ18O of − 6.5 to −8.5%0 PDB, whereas those associated with light oxygen dolomite have a wide range from −7.5 to −14%0 PDB. Calcite in dolomite-free limestone has an oxygen isotopic composition of −2 to −8.5%0 PDB. Textures, chemistry, and isotopic evidence indicate that heavy oxygen calcite formed in freshwater, and heavy oxygen dolomite in a meteoric-marine mixture of 10–30% seawater. Light oxygen calcite and dolomite precipitated from modified hydrothermal fluids at approximately 30–65°C.Petrographic features, and both isotopic and chemical evidence suggest that the Shirahama Limestone was exposed to freshwater soon after deposition. Subsequently blocky calcite precipitated (Stage I). The limestone was locally submerged in the meteoric-marine mixture due to gradual subsidence or eustatic movement. This led to the precipitation of heavy oxygen, zoned dolomite and dolospar (Stage II). Hydrothermal alterations occurred in the area a few Myr ago, and related hydrothermal fluids and mixed meteoric-hydrothermal waters caused dedolomitization of some zoned dolomite, partial dissolution of vuggy dolomite, precipitation of limpid dolomite and recrystallization of some earlier dolomites (Stage III). Zeolites were also precipitated from these fluids. Finally, the Shirahama Limestone was exposed again to freshwater and sparry calcite precipitated to plug some of the remaining pores (Stage IV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1988.tb01741.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin and diagenetic evolution of Ca–Mg–Fe carbonates in some coalfields of Japan (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Carbonate concretions, lenses and bands in the Pleistocene, Palaeogene and Upper Triassic coalfields of Japan consist of various carbonate minerals with varied chemical compositions. Authigenic carbonates in freshwater sediments are siderite 〉 calcite 〉 ankerite 〉 dolomite 〉〉 ferroan magnesite; in brackish water to marine sediments in the coal measures, calcite 〉 dolomite 〉 ankerite 〉 siderite 〉〉 ferroan magnesite; and in the overlying marine deposits, calcite 〉 dolomite 〉〉 siderite. Most carbonates were formed progressively during burial within a range of depths between the sediment-water interface and approximately 3 km. The mineral species and the chemical composition of the carbonates are controlled primarily by the initial sedimentary facies of the host sediments and secondarily by the diagenetic evolution of pore water during burial. Based on the regular sequence and burial depth of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in a specific sedimentary facies, three diagenetic stages of carbonates are proposed. Carbonates formed during Stage I (〈 500 m) strongly reflect the initial sedimentary facies, e.g. low Ca-Mg siderite in freshwater sediments which are initially rich in iron derived from lateritic soil on the nearby landmass, and Mg calcite and dolomite in brackish-marine sediments whose pore waters abound in Ca2+ and Mg2+ originating in seawater and calcareous shells. Carbonates formed during Stage II (500–2000 m) include high Ca-Mg siderite, ankerite, Fe dolomite and Fe–Mg calcite in freshwater sediments. The assemblage of Stage II carbonates in brackish-marine sediments in the coal measures is similar to that in freshwater sediments. This suggests similar diagenetic environments owing to an effective migration and mixing of pore water due to the compaction of host sediments. Carbonates formed during Stage III (〉 2000 m) are Fe calcite and extremely high Ca-Mg siderite; the latter is exclusively in marine mudstones. The supply of Ca is partly from the alteration of silicates in the sediments at elevated burial temperatures. After uplift, calcite with low Mg content precipitates from percolating groundwater and fills extensional cracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1981.tb01678.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loch Macumber (early Carboniferous) of Atlantic Canada (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 11 (1994), S. 151-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Maritime Basin ; Atlantic Canada ; Devonian ; Carboniferous ; carbonates ; evaporites ; saline lake ; lacustrine facies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Following the Acadian Orogeny, Atlantic Canada accommodated several, large, relatively deep lakes within a wrench-fault basin complex called the Maritime Basin. Late Devonian and Tournaisian lakes were hydrologically open, shallow to deep, mainly fresh water bodies. Middle Visean lakes, here collectively called Loch Macumber, were closed, deep, and meromictic. Their deposits comprise the first and thickest of five sequences in the Maritime Basin. Salinity in the loch increased with time from restricted marine or penesaline, to saline. Basin-centre facies consist of a thin, but extensive, sheet of black, peloidal laminated lime mudstones and an overlying thick evaporite complex. The carbonate sheet grades laterally into both laminated to thinly bedded marlstones, siliciclastic sandstones, and microbial, biocementstone mounds. Laminae consist of alternating carbonate and either silty carbonaceous shale or siliciclastic clay and silt. The mudstone and marlstone are locally interbedded with siliciclastic and carbonate turbidites, resedimented (?deep water) breccias, and olistostromes. Seasonal changes in anoxia and/or carbonate production produced rhythmic laminae of carbonate and carbonaceous shale. Carbonate grains consist of silt-sized microbial clots and rare arthropod carapaces and brachiopod shells. The mounds originated as tufa precipitated around subaqueous hydrothermal springs that supported chemosynthetic communities. Resedimentation processes including incipient brecciation, sliding, slumping, debris flows, and turbidity currents were common. The mounds trapped hydrocarbons from the surrounding laminite and sulphides from underlying hydrothermal vents. Increasing salinity with time resulted in sulphate and chloride precipitation that filled the basins and ended the life of Loch Macumber. After the deposition of thick evaporites the topography became less accentuated, the seas less saline, and the faunas more normal marine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686863
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  • 6
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    Concentrations of major-element oxides and minor and trace elements at DSDP Legs 87, 57, 56 and 31
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Minai, Yoshitaka; Matsumoto, Ryo; Tominaga, Takeshi (1986): Geochemistry of deep sea sediments from the Nankai Trough, the Japan Trench, and adjacent regions. In: Kagami, H; Karig, DE; Coulbourn, WT; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 87, 643-657, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.114.1986
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: Sediments from Sites 582 (11 samples), 583 (19 samples), 584 (31 samples), 294 (1 sample), 296 (9 samples), 297 (3 samples), 436 (11 samples), and 439 (3 samples) were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and/or instrumental neutron activation analysis. Ten major elements and 24 minor and trace elements (including 7 rare earth elements) were determined with these methods. Geochemistry varies systematically with both the site location and sediment age. Such variations are explained in terms of changes in sedimentation processes caused by plate motion and changes in ocean currents.
    Keywords: Deep Sea Drilling Project; DSDP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 5 datasets
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  • 7
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    (Table 1) Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and depth of formation of authigenic carbonates at DSDP Sites 87-584, 57-438 and 77-439
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Matsumoto, Ryo; Matsuhisa, Yukihiro (1986): Chemistry, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and origin of deep-sea carbonates at Sites 438, 439, and 584: Inner slope of the Japan Trench. In: Kagami, H; Karig, DE; Coulbourn, WT; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 87, 669-678, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.116.1986
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Carbonate concretions in Pliocene to Miocene diatomaceous sediments at Sites 438, 439, and 584 on the deep-sea terrace near the Japan Trench are composed of calcite, dolomite, and siderite with varying degrees of chemical substitution. d18O ranges from -0.81 to +5.15 per mil for calcite and +2.00 to +7.29 per mil for dolomite. d13C values vary widely between -36.96 and + 11.45 per mil for calcite and between -20.99 and +4.75 per mil for dolomite. Siderite has -1.90 per mil d18O and +0.03 per mil d13C. The depth of burial at which these carbonates precipitated is estimated using the "oxygen isotope thermometer" on the basis of d18O values of carbonates and the interstitial water, and the geothermal gradients measured at present. Based on the estimated depth of formation of carbonates, four stages of carbonate authigenesis are defined, Stage I (0-20 m sub-bottom depth, calcian dolomite), Stage IIa (20-250 m sub-bottom depth, magnesian calcite), Stage IIb (250-530 m sub-bottom depth, ferroan calcite), Stage III (530-590 m sub-bottom depth, ferroan dolomite), and Stage IV (590 m to total depth, siderite). The progressive changes in mineralogy and chemistry of authigenic carbonates are well matched with the variation of the chemical composition of the interstitial water with increasing depth. The fluctuation of d13C of carbonates reflects the changing origin of CO2; oxidation and sulfate reduction at Stages I and IIa; and methane fermentation at Stages IIb, III, and IV.
    Keywords: 57-438A; 77-539; 87-584; 87-584A; 87-584B; Carbonates; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Depth, reconstructed; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Difference; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Gulf of Mexico/VALLEY; Leg57; Leg77; Leg87; Mass spectrometer Varian MAT 250; North Pacific; North Pacific/BASIN; Sample code/label; δ13C; δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 132 data points
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  • 8
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    (Table 1) δ¹⁸O of interstitial waters at DSDP Sites 87-582, 87-583, and 87-584
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Matsuhisa, Yukihiro; Matsumoto, Ryo (1986): Oxygen isotope ratios of interstitial waters from the Nankai Trough and the Japan Trench, Leg 87. In: Kagami, H; Karig, DE; Coulbourn, WT; et al. (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 87, 853-856, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.130.1986
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: In the present paper, we report preliminary results on the 18O/16O ratios of the interstitial waters of the DSDP cores taken from subduction-related trenches near Japan: Sites 582 and 583 at the Nankai Trough off southwestern Japan, and Site 584 at the Japan Trench off northern Honshu, where thick piles of young sediments have accumulated. Special attention was paid to any differences in isotopic behavior of interstitial waters with different surrounding lithoiogy, the details of isotopic variation of interstitial waters in young, unconsolidated sediments, and the effects of sedimentary structural disturbance on interstitial waters.
    Keywords: 87-582; 87-582B; 87-583; 87-583B; 87-583C; 87-583D; 87-583F; 87-583G; 87-584; CO2-water equilibration method (Epstein & Mayeda, 1953); Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Latitude of event; Leg87; Longitude of event; North Pacific; Sample code/label; δ18O, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 82 data points
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  • 9
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    (Table 1) Types of carbonate sediments and origin of carbonate constituents at DSDP Leg 57 Holes
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Matsumoto, Ryo; Iijima, Azuma (1980): Carbonate diagenesis in cores from Sites 438 and 439 off Northeast Honshu, Northwest Pacific, Leg 57, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Scientific Party, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 56/57 (eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), 56-57, 1117-1131, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.5657.146.1980
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: Petrographic and mineralogical studies using optical and scanning electron microscopes and X-ray diffraction and X-ray microprobe analyzers on 137 samples of Pleistocene to Upper Cretaceous sediments at Sites 438 and 439 off northeast Honshu in northwest Pacific yielded the following major results: 1) Sites 438 and 439 are characterized by carbonate-free terrigenous and diatomaceous sediments throughout the Pleistocene to the Upper Cretaceous. However, carbonate concretions, thin limestone beds, and carbonate-cemented sandstones are sporadically intercalated. Moreover, terrigenous and diatomaceous sediments occasionally contain significant amounts of carbonates. 2) Carbonate minerals encountered include calcite, dolomite, ankerite, and siderite. Calcite and dolomite are either of authigenic or detrital origin. Biogenic calcite grains are not uncommon. Ankerite and siderite are of detrital origin. 3) Authigenic calcite ranges in chemical composition from high Mg calcite in the Pleistocene sediments to Fe calcite in the uppermost Oligocene sediments through FeMg calcite in the Miocene sediments. Composition is probably controlled by diagenetic alteration of initially precipitated high Mg calcite during burial. 4) Mg ions released from high Mg calcite during the transformation seem to cause dolomitization. 5) The transformation and dolomitization in the uppermost Oligocene sandstone were probably accelerated by the recharge of fresh or brackish water from the underlying subaerially formed conglomerate and/or from the nearby Oyashio ancient landmass.
    Keywords: 57-438A; 57-438B; 57-439; Calcite; Carbonates; Deep Sea Drilling Project; Dolomite; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; d-spacing; Elevation of event; Event label; Glomar Challenger; Latitude of event; Leg57; Longitude of event; North Pacific/BASIN; North Pacific/TRENCH; Sample code/label; Type; X-ray diffraction (XRD)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 150 data points
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  • 10
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    (Table 5) Concentrations of major-element oxides at DSDP Site 57-439
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: 57-439; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Deep Sea Drilling Project; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Glomar Challenger; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Leg57; Magnesium oxide; Manganese oxide; North Pacific/TRENCH; Phosphorus pentoxide; Potassium oxide; Sample code/label; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 33 data points
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