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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Quality Assurance and Reliability
    Type: JSC-CN-37493-2 , RAMS 2014: The Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium; Jan 23, 2017 - Jan 27, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Johnson Space Center (JSC) Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) uses two human reliability analysis (HRA) methodologies. The first is a simplified method which is based on how much time is available to complete the action, with consideration included for environmental and personal factors that could influence the human's reliability. This method is expected to provide a conservative value or placeholder as a preliminary estimate. This preliminary estimate or screening value is used to determine which placeholder needs a more detailed assessment. The second methodology is used to develop a more detailed human reliability assessment on the performance of critical human actions. This assessment needs to consider more than the time available, this would include factors such as: the importance of the action, the context, environmental factors, potential human stresses, previous experience, training, physical design interfaces, available procedures/checklists and internal human stresses. The more detailed assessment is expected to be more realistic than that based primarily on time available. When performing an HRA on a system or process that has an operational history, we have information specific to the task based on this history and experience. In the case of a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) that is based on a new design and has no operational history, providing a "reasonable" assessment of potential crew actions becomes more challenging. To determine what is expected of future operational parameters, the experience from individuals who had relevant experience and were familiar with the system and process previously implemented by NASA was used to provide the "best" available data. Personnel from Flight Operations, Flight Directors, Launch Test Directors, Control Room Console Operators, and Astronauts were all interviewed to provide a comprehensive picture of previous NASA operations. Verification of the assumptions and expectations expressed in the assessments will be needed when the procedures, flight rules, and operational requirements are developed and then finalized.
    Keywords: Quality Assurance and Reliability
    Type: JSC-CN-37493-1 , RAMS 2017: The Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium; Jan 23, 2017 - Jan 26, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-36685-2 , Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) 2017; Jan 23, 2017 - Jan 26, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Probabilistic Risk Assessments (PRAs) are performed for projects or programs where the consequences of failure are highly undesirable. PRAs primarily address the level of risk those projects or programs posed during operations. PRAs are often developed after the design has been completed. Design and operational details used to develop models include approved and accepted design information regarding equipment, components, systems and failure data. This methodology basically validates the risk parameters of the project or system design. For high risk or high dollar projects, using PRA methodologies during the design process provides new opportunities to influence the design early in the project life cycle to identify, eliminate or mitigate potential risks. Identifying risk drivers before the design has been set allows the design engineers to understand the inherent risk of their current design and consider potential risk mitigation changes. This can become an iterative process where the PRA model can be used to determine if the mitigation technique is effective in reducing risk. This can result in more efficient and cost effective design changes. PRA methodology can be used to assess the risk of design alternatives and can demonstrate how major design changes or program modifications impact the overall program or project risk. PRA has been used for the last two decades to validate risk predictions and acceptability. Providing risk information which can positively influence final system and equipment design the PRA tool can also participate in design development, providing a safe and cost effective product.
    Keywords: Statistics and Probability
    Type: JSC-CN-28596 , AIAA Annual Technical Symposium; May 17, 2013; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Once a project obtains approval, decision makers have to consider a variety of alternative paths for completing the project and meeting the project objectives. How decisions are made involves a variety of elements including: cost, experience, current technology, ideologies, politics, future needs and desires, capabilities, manpower, timing, available information, and for many ventures management needs to assess the elements of risk versus reward. The use of high level Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Models during conceptual design phases provides management with additional information during the decision making process regarding the risk potential for proposed operations and design prototypes. The methodology can be used as a tool to: 1) allow trade studies to compare alternatives based on risk, 2) determine which elements (equipment, process or operational parameters) drives the risk, and 3) provide information to mitigate or eliminate risks early in the conceptual design to lower costs. Creating system models using conceptual design proposals and generic key systems based on what is known today can provide an understanding of the magnitudes of proposed systems and operational risks and facilitates trade study comparisons early in the decision making process. Identifying the "best" way to achieve the desired results is difficult, and generally occurs based on limited information. PRA provides a tool for decision makers to explore how some decisions will affect risk before the project is committed to that path, which can ultimately save time and money.
    Keywords: Statistics and Probability
    Type: JSC-CN-28595 , 2013 Annual Technical Symposium (ATS); May 17, 2013; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Data is the crux to developing quantitative risk and reliability models, without the data there is no quantification. The means to find and identify reliability data or failure numbers to quantify fault tree models during conceptual and design phases is often the quagmire that precludes early decision makers consideration of potential risk drivers that will influence design. The analyst tasked with addressing a system or product reliability depends on the availability of data. But, where is does that data come from and what does it really apply to? Commercial industries, government agencies, and other international sources might have available data similar to what you are looking for. In general, internal and external technical reports and data based on similar and dissimilar equipment is often the first and only place checked. A common philosophy is "I have a number - that is good enough". But, is it? Have you ever considered the difference in reported data from various federal datasets and technical reports when compared to similar sources from national and/or international datasets? Just how well does your data compare? Understanding how the reported data was derived, and interpreting the information and details associated with the data is as important as the data itself.
    Keywords: Quality Assurance and Reliability
    Type: JSC-CN-30894 , Annual Technical Symposium; May 09, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Working life on a vehicle going to Mars would have some things in common with going to work on Earth, but most would have that twist to remind you that you're not on Earth anymore. Regardless of where we are or what we're working on humans need to eat, sleep, stay healthy and stay active and alert to perform well on the job. Studies on Earth have shown how important each element is to an individual's wellbeing and job performance. To travel in space we create a vehicle that provides the basic needs required by humans, these include carrying supplies of air, water and food. However we also need the protective shell to carry the humans, all their supplies and the systems to ensure that people can breathe, stay warm, address all bodily functions and stay healthy in space. In addition to just surviving the new environments, work tasks such as equipment maintenance and repair, normal crew operations and special science experiments will be performed. Some of the factors that will affect the crew performance include: environmental adaptation to weightlessness, dealing with cramped living quarters, physical changes caused by space travel, and how the tools, equipment, training and support information are used throughout the voyage. Different conditions can affect how the crew performs their work; we need to know more about living and working under these conditions to have successful human exploration in space.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support; Space Sciences (General)
    Type: JSC-CN-31166 , 2014 Annual Technical Symposium; May 09, 2014; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Johnson Space Center (JSC) Safety and Mission Assurance (S&MA) uses two human reliability analysis (HRA) methodologies. The first is a simplified method which is based on how much time is available to complete the action, with consideration included for environmental and personal factors that could influence the human's reliability. This method is expected to provide a conservative value or placeholder as a preliminary estimate. This preliminary estimate or screening value is used to determine which placeholder needs a more detailed assessment. The second methodology is used to develop a more detailed human reliability assessment on the performance of critical human actions. This assessment needs to consider more than the time available, this would include factors such as: the importance of the action, the context, environmental factors, potential human stresses, previous experience, training, physical design interfaces, available procedures/checklists and internal human stresses. The more detailed assessment is expected to be more realistic than that based primarily on time available. When performing an HRA on a system or process that has an operational history, we have information specific to the task based on this history and experience. In the case of a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) that is based on a new design and has no operational history, providing a "reasonable" assessment of potential crew actions becomes more challenging. In order to determine what is expected of future operational parameters, the experience from individuals who had relevant experience and were familiar with the system and process previously implemented by NASA was used to provide the "best" available data. Personnel from Flight Operations, Flight Directors, Launch Test Directors, Control Room Console Operators and Astronauts were all interviewed to provide a comprehensive picture of previous NASA operations. Verification of the assumptions and expectations expressed in the assessments will be needed when the procedures, flight rules and operational requirements are developed and then finalized.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-36685-1 , Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) 2017; Jan 23, 2017 - Jan 26, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Flying a mission in space requires a massive commitment of resources, and without the talent and commitment of the people involved in this effort we would never leave the atmosphere of Earth as safely as we have. When we use the phrase "humans in the loop", it could apply to almost any endeavor since everything starts with humans developing a concept, completing the design process, building or implementing a product and using the product to achieve a goal or purpose. Narrowing the focus to spaceflight, there are a variety of individuals involved throughout the preparations for flight and the flight itself. All of the humans involved add value and support for program success. The paper discusses the concepts of human involvement in technological programs, how a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) accounts for the human in the loop for potential missions using a technique called Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) and the tradeoffs between having a human in the loop or not. Human actions can increase or decrease the overall risk via initiating events or mitigating them, thus removing the human from the loop doesn't always lowers the risk.
    Keywords: Quality Assurance and Reliability; Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-38103-1 , AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference; Jan 09, 2017 - Jan 13, 2017; Grapevine, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-38103-2 , AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference; Jan 09, 2017 - Jan 13, 2017; Grapevine, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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