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  • 1
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    [Policy Forum] Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: The world's most biodiverse river basins—the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong—are experiencing an unprecedented boom in construction of hydropower dams. These projects address important energy needs, but advocates often overestimate economic benefits and underestimate far-reaching effects on biodiversity and critically important fisheries. Powerful new analytical tools and high-resolution environmental data can clarify trade-offs between engineering and environmental goals and can enable governments and funding institutions to compare alternative sites for dam building. Current site-specific assessment protocols largely ignore cumulative impacts on hydrology and ecosystem services as ever more dams are constructed within a watershed (1). To achieve true sustainability, assessments of new projects must go beyond local impacts by accounting for synergies with existing dams, as well as land cover changes and likely climatic shifts (2, 3). We call for more sophisticated and holistic hydropower planning, including validation of technologies intended to mitigate environmental impacts. Should anything less be required when tampering with the world's great river ecosystems? Authors: K. O. Winemiller, P. B. McIntyre, L. Castello, E. Fluet-Chouinard, T. Giarrizzo, S. Nam, I. G. Baird, W. Darwall, N. K. Lujan, I. Harrison, M. L. J. Stiassny, R. A. M. Silvano, D. B. Fitzgerald, F. M. Pelicice, A. A. Agostinho, L. C. Gomes, J. S. Albert, E. Baran, M. Petrere, C. Zarfl, M. Mulligan, J. P. Sullivan, C. C. Arantes, L. M. Sousa, A. A. Koning, D. J. Hoeinghaus, M. Sabaj, J. G. Lundberg, J. Armbruster, M. L. Thieme, P. Petry, J. Zuanon, G. Torrente Vilara, J. Snoeks, C. Ou, W. Rainboth, C. S. Pavanelli, A. Akama, A. van Soesbergen, L. Sáenz
    Keywords: Development and Environment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecology. Food web ecology: playing Jenga and beyond (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Ruiter, Peter C -- Wolters, Volkmar -- Moore, John C -- Winemiller, Kirk O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):68-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Research Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. p.deruiter@geo.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT. Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winemiller, K O -- McIntyre, P B -- Castello, L -- Fluet-Chouinard, E -- Giarrizzo, T -- Nam, S -- Baird, I G -- Darwall, W -- Lujan, N K -- Harrison, I -- Stiassny, M L J -- Silvano, R A M -- Fitzgerald, D B -- Pelicice, F M -- Agostinho, A A -- Gomes, L C -- Albert, J S -- Baran, E -- Petrere, M Jr -- Zarfl, C -- Mulligan, M -- Sullivan, J P -- Arantes, C C -- Sousa, L M -- Koning, A A -- Hoeinghaus, D J -- Sabaj, M -- Lundberg, J G -- Armbruster, J -- Thieme, M L -- Petry, P -- Zuanon, J -- Torrente Vilara, G -- Snoeks, J -- Ou, C -- Rainboth, W -- Pavanelli, C S -- Akama, A -- van Soesbergen, A -- Saenz, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7082.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉See supplementary materials for author affiliations. k-winemiller@tamu.edu. ; See supplementary materials for author affiliations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Congo ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Fresh Water ; Mekong Valley ; *Power Plants ; Risk ; *Rivers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ecology of catfishes of the Upper Zambezi River floodplain (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An 8-month survey of the Upper Zambezi River, its associated floodplain and marginal upland habitats yielded 16 catfish (Siluriformes) species, among which Schilbe intermedius comprised over half of the 3534 specimens. Generally catfishes were most abundant in floodplain and river channel habitats, but three species (Clariallabes platyprosopos, Synodontis macrostoma, S. nigromaculatus) were most abundant in the river channel, and three species (Amphilius uranoscopus, Chiloglanis neumanni, Leptoglanis rotundiceps) were most abundant or restricted within small tributary streams. Diet analysis revealed low pairwise dietary overlaps, but there was no statistically significant pattern of community-wide niche segregation based on prey type. The 16 catfishes fell into four size/trophic guilds: large carnivores (Clarias gariepinus, C. ngamensis), medium-sized carnivores (C. stappersii, C. theodorae, Parauchenoglanis ngamensis, Clariallabes platyprosopos, Schilbe intermedius), medium-sized omnivores (Synodontis leopardinus, S. nigromaculatus, S. woosnami, S. sp. cf. woosnami), and small omnivores (S. macrostigma, S. macrostoma, Amphilius uranoscopus, Chiloglanis neumanni, Leptoglanis rotundiceps). No evidence of reproductive activity was detected in any of the catfishes during the survey period of falling and low water conditions. Although catfishes are not as highly valued for food as cichlid fishes, three species are significant components of local commercial and subsistence fisheries: the two large Clarias by virtue of their size, and Schilbe by virtue of its great abundance. Abundances of the heavily exploited Clarias gariepinus and C. ngamensis stocks appear to be lower in the Upper Zambezi compared with the Okavango floodplain system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01777.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inbreeding depression in the convict cichlid, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Baird and Girard) (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 21 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Convict cichlids, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum, inbred for four and five generations exhibited moderate and severe morphological deformities. Deformed fishes were characterized by a more vertically sloping forehead, irregular jaw, hyoid, opercula and fin structure, reduced growth and irregular swimming behaviour. Inbred fish (F4, F5) did not differ from F1s in their age of maturation or the average size of their first broods. Brood survival was 18.7% in F5 inbred fish, compared to 75.5% in F1s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb02844.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food habits of tilapiine cichlids of the Upper Zambezi River and floodplain during the descending phase of the hydrologic cycle (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Habitat use and diets of five tilapiine populations of the Upper Zambezi River Basin in Zambia, south-central Africa, were examined during the 8 month descending phase of the annual hydrological cycle. All species occurred across a range of habitats, with most individuals captured from lagoons. Tilapia rendalli, a macrophyte feeder, was the only dietary specialist. Ontogenetic diet shifts were not observed over the size range examined (30–320 mm LS). Algae were uncommon in tilapiine diets. Tilapia ruweti, the smallest tilapiine in the region, was the only species that consumed more algae (filamentous algae) than detritus. Oreochromis andersonii, Oreochromis macrochir and Tilapia sparrmanii had high dietary overlap and occurred in the same habitats in similar relative abundances. High overlap in habitat use and diet among tilapiines contrasted with findings from a comparable analysis of predatory haplochromine cichlids of the region that revealed strong ecological segregation and niche complementarity during the annual descending-water phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00134.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary segregation among large catfishes of the Apure and Arauca Rivers, Venezuela (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Relative abundance, population size structure and diet composition and similarity were examined over 5 years for the nine most abundant catfish (Siluriformes) species captured in the Apure-Arauca River fishery centred around San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela, the largest freshwater fishery in the Orinoco River Basin. Based on size classes obtained by the fishery, all nine catfishes were almost entirely piscivorous. Four species that are entirely restricted to main channels of the largest rivers (Brachyplatystoma flavicans, Brachyplatystoma jurunse, Brachyplatystoma vaillanti and Goslinia platynema) fed predominantly on weakly electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes) and had high pair-wise dietary overlap. The other five species (Ageniosus brevifilis, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, Pinirampus pirinampu, Pseudoplatystomafasciatum and Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum) occurred in a range of channel and off-channel habitats and were observed to feed on a variety of characiform, siluriform and gymnotiform prey. Diet overlap also was high among these habitat-unrestricted species, but overlap between the channel-restricted and unrestricted species was low. Within each of the two groups, species were divided into approximately equally sized subgroups based on differences in body size distributions. The two most morphologically similar species, P. fasciatum and P. tigrinum, further subdivided prey based on the vertical stratum occupied by prey species (benthic v. midwater). The two most morphologically dissimilar, channel-restricted species, B. juruense and G. platynema, also diverged in frequency of consumption of benthic and midwater prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00163.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel changeover in sandbank fish assemblages in a neotropical floodplain river (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fishes were collected over 7 months (February to June and November to December 1999) from seven sandbanks located on the main channel of the Cinaruco River, Venezuela. Significant shifts in assemblage structure and species richness were documented between diurnal and nocturnal samples. Seine samples standardized for effort yielded 41 604 individual fishes representing seven orders, 25 families, 80 genera and 134 species. Nocturnal samples yielded 68% of the total individuals, and 54% of species were collected exclusively at night. Nocturnal samples were significantly more species rich than their paired diurnal samples, even after rarefaction. Correspondence analysis revealed consistent differences in assemblage structure between diurnal and nocturnal samples probably due to species-specific habitat use and activity patterns. In spite of the magnitude of seasonal variation in hydrology and habitat availability in the Cinaruco River, species richness and abundance on sandbanks varied relatively little. The study of biological diversity and understanding of patterns of habitat use in a neotropical river were enhanced by nocturnal sampling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00167.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between oocyte morphology and reproductive strategy in loricariid catfishes of the Paraná River, Brazil (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Relationships between ovarian structure, oocyte structure/development, and parental care/life history strategies of six loricariid catfishes common in the upper Paraná River, Brazil were examined with analysis of catch data, relative gonad weight, histology, and microscopy. Three life history strategies were observed. Loricariichthys platymetopon, Loricariichthys sp. And Loricaria sp. produce several small clutches of large eggs over a protracted spawning period. Males of these species guard their eggs and larvae, which are transported as a mass on the ventral surface of the male's body. Hypostomus ternetzi and Megalancistrus aculeatus produce the largest mature eggs and the smallest clutches relative to adult mass. The spawning periods of these species are short, and males guard their broods in excavations. Rhinelepis aspera has high fecundity, high relative mass of mature gonads (both sexes), small mature eggs, and broadcast spawning with no parental care. This species migrates to spawn over firm substrates in channel areas during a contracted period. Mature oocytes of external bearers had the thickest zona radiata, followed by the egg scatterer, and cavity nesters. The thickness of the zona radiata probably is an adaptation to protect the developing egg from injury from abrasion. The zona granulosa appeared to be associated with production of secretions responsible for egg adhesion, and this layer was thickest in mature oocytes of the cavity nesting species, followed by the external bearers. All six species have wide distributions in the Paraná River, tributaries, floodplain lagoons, and the Itaipu Reservoir, but brood guarders tended to be most common in lentic habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00275.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal patterns of resource partitioning among Cichla species in a Venezuelan blackwater river (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In channel and floodplain habitats of the Cinaruco River, Venezuela, Cichla temensis was more abundant and larger than C. intermedia and C. orinocensis. Seasonal variation in hydrology influenced habitat use, spawning, and predator-prey interactions. The three piscivores partitioned habitat, with C. intermedia showing a strong affinity for structured habitats in the main channel during all water level fluctuations. C. orinocensis was most abundant in shallow areas with submerged structure in lagoons and, to a lesser extent, in low velocity regions of the channel, and C. temensis occupied a wide range of lotic and lentic habitats. During the low-water period, the feeding frequency and body condition of all three species declined, and this was related, in part, to preparation for spawning near the end of the low-water season. The diet of C. intermedia was least similar to its two congeners during falling and rising water. C. orinocensis and C. temensis had lowest diet overlap during the low-water conditions, the period when many individuals of these two species move into lagoons for nesting. Prey in stomachs were significantly larger during the falling-water than the rising-water period, and predation by Cichla and other large piscivores during the falling-water period may have reduced the abundance of large prey, particularly Semaprochilodus kneri. These migratory detritivorous fish were important prey for C. temensis during the falling-water period and probably contributed a substantial fraction of the annual energy intake for this species. Together, the three Cichla species consume a wide spectrum of prey from a diverse fish assemblage, but prey are subdivided based on habitat, prey type, and season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01129.x
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