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  • 1
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    The tensile dislocation problem in a layered elastic medium (1999)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 136, no. 2, pp. 341-356, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Dislocation ; Modelling ; Layers ; rifting ; Elasticity ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; Volcanology ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    On tensile cracks close to and across the interface between two welded elastic half-spaces (1999)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 410-434, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Dislocation ; Modelling ; Layers ; rifting ; Elasticity ; Stress ; Inhomogeneity ; Volcanology ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    On strike-slip faulting in layered media (2002)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Taipei, Elsevier, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 698-723, pp. 2091, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Modelling ; Dislocation ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Elastic dislocations in layered media (2001)
    Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna
    In:  Ph. Thesis, 176 pp., Bologna, Sett. di Geofisica, Dip. di Fisica, Fac. di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Univ. degli Studi di Bologna, vol. 1034, no. 45, pp. 54-58, (ISBN 3-933346-037)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Strike-slip ; Two-dimensional ; crack ; interface ; interaction ; Elasticity ; Layers ; rifting ; Stress ; Volcanology ; GJI136,341-56(1999) ; GJI138,410-34(1999) ; GJI149(2)508-523(2002) ; GJI149(3)698-723(2002)
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  • 5
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    The edge dislocation problem in a layered elastic medium (2002)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Tokyo, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 508-523, pp. L18610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Modelling ; Dip-slip ; Inhomogeneity ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    Buoyancy-driven fracture ascent: Experiments in layered gelatine (2005)
    In:  J. Volcanology Geothermal Res., Tokyo, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vol. 144, no. 1-4, pp. 273-285, pp. L18610, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Laboratory measurements ; Modelling ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; Plate tectonics ; JVGR ; Boettinger ; Bottinger ; analogue ; experiments ; layered ; media ; fluid-filled ; fractures ; dike ; propagation ; sill
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  • 7
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    Experiments of dike-induced deformation: insights on the long-term evolution of divergent plate boundaries (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-30
    Description: The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long-term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness; in B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (B) or triangular (C) shape in section. Experiments A create a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In experiments B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host-rock translation in the propagation direction (as in A). The deformation pattern in B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in B and C is similar to that from single rifting episodes (i.e. Lakagigar, Iceland; Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e. Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    The stress shadow induced by the 1975 – 1984 Krafla rifting episode (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: [1]  It has been posited that the 1975 – 1984 Krafla rifting episode in northern Iceland was responsible for a significant drop in the rate of earthquakes along the Húsavík-Flatey Fault (HFF), a transform fault that had previously been the source of several magnitude 6 – 7 earthquakes. This compelling case of the existence of a stress shadow has never been studied in detail, and the implications of such a stress shadow remain an open question. According to rate-state models, intense stress shadows cause tens of years of low seismicity rate followed by a faster recovery phase of rate increase. Here, we compare the long-term predictions from a Coulomb stress model of the rifting episode with seismological observations from the SIL catalogue (1995–2011) in northern Iceland. In the analyzed time-frame we find that the rift-induced stress shadow coincides with the eastern half of the fault where the observed seismicity rates are found to be significantly lower than expected, given the historical earthquake activity there. We also find that the seismicity rates on the central part of the HFF increased significantly in the last 17 years, with the seismicity progressively recovering from west to east. Our observations confirm that rate-state theory successfully describes the long-term seismic rate variation during the reloading phase of a fault invested by a negative Coulomb stress. Coincident with this recovery, we find that the b-value of the frequency-magnitude distribution changed significantly over time. We conclude that the rift-induced stress shadow not only decreased the seismic rate on the eastern part of the HFF but also temporarily modified how the system releases seismic energy, with more large magnitude events in proportion to small ones. This behavior is currently being overturned, as rift-induced locking is now being compensated by tectonic forcing.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Insights Into Fault‐Magma Interactions in an Early‐Stage Continental Rift From Source Mechanisms and Correlated Volcano‐Tectonic Earthquakes (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Strain in magmatic rifts is accommodated by both faulting and dike intrusion, but little is known of the frequency of dike intrusions in early‐stage rifts. We use a new earthquake data set from a dense temporary seismic array (2013–2014) in the ~7‐Myr‐old Magadi‐Natron‐Manyara section of the East African Rift, which includes the carbonatitic Oldoinyo Lengai volcano that erupted explosively in 2007–2008. Full moment tensor analyses were performed on M 〉 3.4 earthquakes (0.03‐ to 0.10‐Hz band) that occurred during the intereruptive cycle. We find two opening crack‐type and various non‐double‐couple earthquake source mechanisms and interpret these as fluid‐involved fault rupture. From waveform analysis on the nearest permanent seismic station, we conclude that similar rupture processes probably occur over eruptive and intereruptive cycles. The repeated and dynamically similar fluid‐involved seismicity, along with intrabasinal localization of active deformation, suggests that significant and persistent strain is accommodated by magmatic processes, modulated by tectonic cycles.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    A two-step model for dynamical dike propagation in two-dimensions: Application to the July 2001 Etna eruption (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-04
    Description: We developed an hybrid numerical model of dike propagation in two dimensions solving both for the magma trajectory and velocity as a function of the source overpressure, the magma physical properties (density and viscosity) as well as the crustal density and stress field. This model is used to characterize the influence of surface load changes on magma migration towards the surface. We confirm that surface loading induced by volcanic edifice construction, tends both to attract the magma and to reduce its velocity. In contrast, surface unloading, for instance due to caldera formation, tends to divert the magma to the periphery retarding eruption. In both cases the deflected magma may remain trapped at depth. Amplitudes of dike deflection and magma velocity variation depend on the ratio between the magma driving pressure (source overpressure as well as buoyancy) and the stress field perturbation. Our model is then applied to the July 2001 eruption of Etna, where the final dike deflection had been previously interpreted as due to the topographic load. We show that the velocity decrease observed during the last stage of the propagation can also be attributed to the local stress field. We use the dike propagation duration to estimate the magma overpressure at the dike bottom to be less than 4 MPa. This approach can be potentially used to forecast if, where and when propagating magma might reach the surface when having knowledge on the local stress field, magma physical properties and reservoir overpressure.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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