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  • 1
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    Acetone Atmospheric Distribution Retrieved from Space (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract As one of the most abundant oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, acetone (CH3C(O)CH3) influences atmospheric oxidants levels and ozone formation. Here, we report the first unambiguous identification of acetone from the nadir‐viewing satellite sounder IASI. Via a neural network‐based retrieval approach that was previously applied to the retrieval of other weak absorbers, we obtain daily global acetone retrievals. A first inter‐comparison with independent measurements is conducted. As the retrieval method is computationally fast, it allowed the full reprocessing of the 2007–2018 IASI time series. Analysis of the retrieved global product and its seasonality suggests that emissions of acetone and precursors from the terrestrial biosphere at Northern Hemisphere mid‐ and high‐latitudes, are the main contributors to the atmospheric acetone abundance, more than year‐round oxidation of anthropogenic isoalkanes. Remarkably, biomass burning does not appear to be a strong global source of acetone.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Assessment of the global burden of disease is based on epidemiological cohort studies that connect premature mortality to a wide range of causes, including the long-term health impacts of ozone and fine particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). It has proved difficult to quantify premature mortality related to air pollution, notably in regions where air quality is not monitored, and also because the toxicity of particles from various sources may vary. Here we use a global atmospheric chemistry model to investigate the link between premature mortality and seven emission source categories in urban and rural environments. In accord with the global burden of disease for 2010 (ref. 5), we calculate that outdoor air pollution, mostly by PM2.5, leads to 3.3 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.61-4.81) million premature deaths per year worldwide, predominantly in Asia. We primarily assume that all particles are equally toxic, but also include a sensitivity study that accounts for differential toxicity. We find that emissions from residential energy use such as heating and cooking, prevalent in India and China, have the largest impact on premature mortality globally, being even more dominant if carbonaceous particles are assumed to be most toxic. Whereas in much of the USA and in a few other countries emissions from traffic and power generation are important, in eastern USA, Europe, Russia and East Asia agricultural emissions make the largest relative contribution to PM2.5, with the estimate of overall health impact depending on assumptions regarding particle toxicity. Model projections based on a business-as-usual emission scenario indicate that the contribution of outdoor air pollution to premature mortality could double by 2050.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lelieveld, J -- Evans, J S -- Fnais, M -- Giannadaki, D -- Pozzer, A -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 17;525(7569):367-71. doi: 10.1038/nature15371.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, 55128 Mainz, Germany. ; The Cyprus Institute, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, 1645 Nicosia, Cyprus. ; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Cyprus International Institute for Environment and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus. ; King Saud University, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; Air Pollutants/*adverse effects/poisoning ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology ; Cooking/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Europe/epidemiology ; Far East/epidemiology ; Fires/statistics & numerical data ; Heating/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; *Internationality ; Middle Aged ; *Mortality, Premature/trends ; Ozone/adverse effects/analysis/poisoning ; Particulate Matter/*adverse effects/poisoning ; Power Plants/statistics & numerical data ; Rural Health/statistics & numerical data ; Russia/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Urban Health/statistics & numerical data ; Vehicle Emissions/poisoning
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Influence of local production and vertical transport on the organic aerosol budget over Paris (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: We performed a case study of the organic aerosol (OA) budget during the MEGAPOLI campaign during summer 2009 in Paris. We combined aerosol mass spectrometer, gas-phase chemistry and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data, and applied the MXL/MESSy column model. We find that during daytime, vertical mixing due to ABL growth has opposing effects on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary organic aerosol (POA) concentrations. POA concentrations are mainly governed by dilution due to boundary layer expansion and transport of POA-depleted air from aloft, while SOA concentrations are enhanced by entrainment of SOA-rich air from the residual layer (RL). Further, local emissions and photochemical production control the diurnal cycle of SOA. SOA from intermediate volatility organic compounds (fSOA-iv) constitutes about half of the locally formed SOA mass. Other processes that previously have been shown to influence the urban OA budget, such as aging of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (S/IVOC), dry deposition of S/IVOCs and IVOC emissions, are found to have minor influences on OA. Our model results show that the modern carbon content of the OA is driven by vertical and long-range transport, with a minor contribution from local cooking emissions. SOA from regional sources and resulting from aging and long-lived precursors can lead to high SOA concentrations above the ABL, which can strongly influence ground-based observations through downward transport. Sensitivity analysis shows that modeled SOA concentrations in the ABL are equally sensitive to ABL dynamics as to SOA concentrations transported from the RL.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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