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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Providing the necessary exercise capability to protect crew health for deep space missions will bring new sets of engineering and research challenges. Exercise has been found to be a necessary mitigation for maintaining crew health onorbit and preparing the crew for return to earth's gravity. Health and exercise data from Apollo, Space Lab, Shuttle, and International Space Station missions have provided insight into crew deconditioning and the types of activities that can minimize the impacts of microgravity on the physiological systems. The hardware systems required to implement exercise can be challenging to incorporate into spaceflight vehicles. Exercise system design requires encompassing the hardware required to provide mission specific anthropometrical movement ranges, desired loads, and frequencies of desired movements as well as the supporting control and monitoring systems, crew and vehicle interfaces, and vibration isolation and stabilization subsystems. The number of crew and operational constraints also contribute to defining the what exercise systems will be needed. All of these features require flight vehicle mass and volume integrated with multiple vehicle systems. The International Space Station exercise hardware requires over 1,800 kg of equipment and over 24 m3 of volume for hardware and crew operational space. Improvements towards providing equivalent or better capabilities with a smaller vehicle impact will facilitate future deep space missions. Deep space missions will require more understanding of the physiological responses to microgravity, understanding appropriate mitigations, designing the exercise systems to provide needed mitigations, and integrating effectively into vehicle design with a focus to support planned mission scenarios. Recognizing and addressing the constraints and challenges can facilitate improved vehicle design and exercise system incorporation.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support; Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-31480 , 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Aerospace Conference; Mar 07, 2015 - Mar 14, 2015; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-28151 , Human Research Program National Space Biomedical Research Institute (HRP NSBRI) MA; Feb 11, 2013; Galveston, TX; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: As spaceflight durations have increased over the last four decades, the effects of weightlessness on the human body are far better understood, as are the countermeasures. A combination of aerobic and resistive exercise devices contribute to countering the losses in muscle strength, aerobic fitness, and bone strength of today's astronauts and cosmonauts that occur during their missions on the International Space Station. Creation of these systems has been a dynamically educational experience for designers and engineers. The ropes and cables in particular have experienced a wide range of challenges, providing a full set of lessons learned that have already enabled improvements in on-orbit reliability by initiating system design improvements. This paper examines the on-orbit experience of ropes and cables in several exercise devices and discusses the lessons learned from these hardware items, with the goal of informing future system design.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JETS-JE11-15-SAIP-DOC-0080 , JSC-CN-37635
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Long duration spaceflight has a negative effect on the human body, and exercise countermeasures are used on-board the International Space Station (ISS) to minimize bone and muscle loss, combatting these effects. Given the importance of these hardware systems to the health of the crew, this equipment must continue to be readily available. Designing spaceflight exercise hardware to meet high reliability and availability standards has proven to be challenging throughout the time the crewmembers have been living on ISS beginning in 2000. Furthermore, restoring operational capability after a failure is clearly time-critical, but can be problematic given the challenges of troubleshooting the problem from 220 miles away. Several best-practices have been leveraged in seeking to maximize availability of these exercise systems, including designing for robustness, implementing diagnostic instrumentation, relying on user feedback, and providing ample maintenance and sparing. These factors have enhanced the reliability of hardware systems, and therefore have contributed to keeping the crewmembers healthy upon return to Earth. This paper will review the failure history for three spaceflight exercise countermeasure systems identifying lessons learned that can help improve future systems. Specifically, the Treadmill with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System (TVIS), Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System (CEVIS), and the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) will be reviewed, analyzed, and conclusions identified so as to provide guidance for improving future exercise hardware designs. These lessons learned, paired with thorough testing, offer a path towards reduced system down-time.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-36579 , 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine; Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: JSC-CN-31129 , SpaceOps 2014 International Conference on Space Operations; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-36615 , Presentation at JSC High School Aerospace Scholars; Jun 30, 2016; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As spaceflight durations have increased over the last four decades, the effects of microgravity on the human body have become far better understood, as have the exercise countermeasures. Through use of a combination of aerobic and resistive exercise devices, today's astronauts and cosmonauts are able to partially counter the losses in muscle strength, aerobic fitness, and bone strength that otherwise might occur during their missions on the International Space Station (ISS). Since 2000, the ISS has employed a variety of exercise equipment used as countermeasures to these risks. Providing reliable and available exercise systems has presented significant challenges due to the unique environment. In solving these, lessons have been learned that can inform development of future systems.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JETS-JE11-15-SAIP-DOC-0084 , JSC-CN-37633 , 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) uses exercise countermeasures on the International Space Station (ISS) to maintain crew health and combat the negative effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body. Most ISS exercise countermeasures system (CMS) equipment rely heavily on the use of textile and wire ropes to transmit resistive loads and provide stability in a microgravity environment. For a variety of reasons, including challenges in simulating microgravity environments for testing and limits on time available for life cycle testing, the textiles and wire ropes have contributed significantly to on-orbit planned and unplanned maintenance time. As a result, continued ground testing and on-orbit experience since the first expedition on the ISS in 2000 provide valuable data and lessons learned in materials selection, applications, and design techniques to increase service life of these ropes. This paper will present a review of the development and failure history of textile and wire ropes for four exercise countermeasure systems-the Treadmill with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization (TVIS) System, Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization (CEVIS) System, Interim Resistive Exercise Device (IRED), and the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED)-to identify lessons learned in order to improve future systems. These lessons learned, paired with thorough testing on the ground, offer a forward path towards reduced maintenance time and up-mass for future space missions.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: JSC-CN-36578 , 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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