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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: new perspectives (2015)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(425)
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 282 S.
    ISBN: 978-1-86239-737-8
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 425
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/425/1
    Classification:
    Geomagnetism, Geoelectromagnetism
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Palaeomagnetism in Fold and Thrust Belts: New Perspectives (2016)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Palaeomagnetism is a technique used to understand complex deformation patterns in fold-and-thrust belts; it can be used to characterize the distribution, magnitude and timing of vertical axis rotations, an elusive variable using other methods. A combination of palaeomagnetic and structural geology analyses has helped to unravel the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts around the world and of different geological ages for more than 50 years. This volume comprises three sections: the first shows thorough overviews of western Mediterranean arcs and the western Carpathians; the second depicts several examples from the Andes, the Alps, Anatolia, Pyrenees, Iberian Ranges and the Atlas; and the third shows the latest research on the use of palaeomagnetism to understand fold-and-thrust belts in 3D and 4D in a more quantitative way and it also includes some methodological proposals to avoid common errors. In the papers of the first two sections, the combination of palaeomagnetic analyses with structural data, AMS or magnetostratigraphic analyses demonstrate the usefulness of palaeomagnetism in deciphering complex deformation patterns in fold-and-thrust belts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862397378
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/425/1
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of nonintersecting nested calderas: insights from analogue models (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Approximately 56% of 60 known nested calderas are pairs of nonintersecting subcircular structures with similar eccentricities. The consistent configuration suggests an interdependence in the formation of the two annular structures. This possibility has been investigated using 11 analogue models with sand (crust analogue) overlying silicone (magma analogue). Silicone withdrawal induces collapse within the sand, forming two concentric depressions: the first-formed inner depression, bordered by outward-dipping reverse ring faults (mean dip of 75°), induces the collapse of the outer depression, bordered by inward dipping, normal ring faults (mean dip of 84°). An original linear relationship is determined among the ratios between the diameters of the two depressions and the depth of the ring faults. Selected pairs of natural nested calderas show similar proportions, highlighting a consistent architecture. This suggests that some pairs of nonintersecting nested calderas result from a single collapse event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00317.x
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  • 4
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    Introduction: Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: new perspectives (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Extract Palaeomagnetism, that is, the study of the ancient magnetic field recorded in rocks, is the only vectorial indicator in the Earth sciences that is capable of associating geological bodies with their original location (primary vectors) or with intermediate locations (secondary vectors) during their geological history. For this reason, palaeomagnetism has played a key role in supporting continental drift theory. Beyond tectonic plate-scale applications, palaeomagnetism has become a fundamental tool for assessing the evolution of mountain ranges owing to its unique potential for quantifying vertical axis rotations (VAR). Since the pioneering applications of authors such as Norris & Black (1961) and Tarling (1969), palaeomagnetism has been applied to problems at a variety of scales in many orogenic systems (e.g. Elredge et al. 1985; Kissel & Laj 1989; Weil & Sussman 2004; Elmore et al. 2012). In particular, palaeomagnetic data have been increasingly used as key quantitative information for determining the timing, distribution and magnitude of vertical axis rotations (Van der Voo & Channell 1980; McCaig & McClelland 1992; Allerton 1998). ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 5
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    Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: use with caution (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-09
    Description: The application of palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts is a unique way to obtain kinematic information regarding the evolution of these systems. However, since many potential problems can affect the reliability of palaeomagnetic datasets and their interpretations, such data should be used with caution. In this paper, we thoroughly review the sources of error from palaeomagnetism with a particular focus on deciphering vertical-axis rotations and the assumptions behind the method. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the age of the magnetization and syn-folding results from the fold test must also be carefully examined: factors such as internal deformation, deficient isolation of components (i.e. overlapping) or incorrect restoration procedures may produce apparent syn-folding results. In fact, the restoration procedure used to return the palaeomagnetic signal to the palaeogeographic coordinate system may itself inhibit accurate estimations of vertical-axis rotations when complex deformation histories induce different, non-coaxial, deformation axes. We recommend the auxiliary use of the inclination v. dip diagram as an efficient tool for identifying many errors. Finally, to determine accurate vertical axis rotations, the reference direction should honour standard reliability criteria and would ideally be measured within the undeformed foreland of the thrust system. In this paper, we review five decades of palaeomagnetic research in fold and thrust belts by concentrating on maximizing standard reliability criteria procedures to reduce uncertainty and increase confidence when applying palaeomagnetic data to unravel the tectonic evolution of fold and thrust belts.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 6
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    Formation of arc-shaped orogenic belts in the Western and Central Mediterranean: a palaeomagnetic review (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-19
    Description: During the past few decades, palaeomagnetism has been used as a powerful tool for constraining kinematic models of curved orogenic systems, because of its great potential in quantifying vertical axis rotations and in discriminating between primary and secondary (orocline s.l. ) arcs. The Mediterranean area has represented an attractive region to apply palaeomagnetic analysis, as it shows a large number of narrow arcs, defining an irregular and rather diffuse plate boundary. This paper is intended to be an updated review on the contribution of palaeomagnetism to the reconstruction of the Neogene geodynamic evolution of the arc-shaped orogenic belts in the Western and Central Mediterranean Basin. The Gibraltar Arc, the Northern Apennines and the Calabria Arc are here described, underlining the common and the different features that characterize these arcuate mountain chains. In particular, the mechanisms that lead to the present-day shape of these arcs (the subduction process) will be discussed, in the general framework of the geometry and space–time evolution of the Mediterranean subduction system.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 7
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    Magma flow within dykes in submarine hyaloclastite environments: an AMS study of the Miocene Cabo de Gata volcanic units (2014)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: The Miocene Cabo de Gata volcanic arc in SE Spain comprises a wide variety of volcanic facies and eruptive styles in subaqueous to subaerial environments. In the SW sector of the area, 5–100 m-thick, NNW–SSE-orientated dykes feed and intrude submarine hyaloclastite deposits. We analysed the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of six dykes and five hyaloclastite sites from three volcanic units: the Cerro Cañadillas, Los Frailes, and El Barronal formations. The main magnetic minerals are primary low-Ti titanomagnetite and magnetite. The AMS ellipsoids in the dykes are generally oblate-triaxial in shape, with magnetic foliations subparallel to the dyke walls. Kinematic field evidence supports the inferred flow directions deduced from magnetic lineation and imbrication of magnetic foliation. The geometric relationships between dyke margins and AMS axes indicate that dykes at El Barronal were emplaced via prevalent subvertical upward magma flow. The inferred flow directions are reproduced well by analogue models of AMS simulating magma migration in dykes with a diapiric geometry. The other dykes were emplaced by lateral magma propagation. Conversely, hyaloclastite shows a large scatter of the AMS axes reflecting different degrees of fragmentation. We observe a gradual increase in scatter in the AMS from confined dykes to fragmented hyaloclastite.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 8
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    A record of the Jurassic massive plate shift from the Garedu Formation of central Iran (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-15
    Description: Modern generations of apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) show the occurrence in North American and African coordinates of a major and rapid shift in pole position (plate shift) during the Middle to Late Jurassic (175–145 Ma) that alternative curves from the literature tend to underestimate. This Jurassic massive polar shift (JMPS), of vast and as-yet unexplored paleogeographic implications, is also predicted for Eurasia from the North Atlantic plate circuit, but Jurassic data from this continent are scanty and problematic. Here we present paleomagnetic data from the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian (upper Jurassic) Garedu Formation of Iran, which was part of Eurasia since the Triassic. Paleomagnetic component directions of primary (pre-folding) age indicate a paleolatitude of deposition that is in excellent agreement with the latitude drop predicted for Iran from APWPs incorporating the JMPS. Moreover, we show that paleolatitudes calculated from these APWPs, used in conjunction with simple zonal climate belts, better explain the overall stratigraphic evolution of Iran during the Mesozoic. As Iran drifted from the tropical arid belt to the mid-latitude humid belt in the Late Triassic, carbonate platform productivity stopped while widespread coal-bearing sedimentation started, whereas as Iran returned to arid tropical latitudes during the JMPS, carbonate platform productivity and evaporitic sedimentation resumed. These results illustrate (1) the potent, but often neglected, control that plate motion (continental drift and/or true polar wander) across zonal climate belts exerts on the genesis of sedimentary facies; and (2) the importance of precisely controlled paleogeographic reconstructions for tectonic interpretations, especially during times of fast plate motion like the Jurassic. As a suggestion for future research, we predict that the adoption of Eurasian reference paleopoles incorporating the JMPS may lead to a reconciliation (or reinterpretation) of existing geologic and paleomagnetic data regarding the deformation history of central Asia.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Right-lateral transpressional tectonics along the boundary between Lut and Tabas blocks (Central Iran) (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-09
    Description: One of the major issues for understanding the tectonic evolution of continental regions is how pre-existing discontinuities influence the style and distribution of deformation, which is often not obviously and uniquely connected to the plate-boundary kinematics. Iran represents one of the most instructive regions to study continental deformation, as here the present-day Arabia–Eurasia convergence is accommodated in a very wide area over a range of structures. The tectonic boundary between the Lut and the Tabas blocks of Central Iran currently accommodates part of the Arabia–Eurasia convergence by right-lateral strike-slip faults, associated with NNW–SSE oriented fold-related thrust. During Middle-Late Jurassic, this boundary was the location of a large-scale shelf-lagoon carbonate platform-slope-to-basin depositional system, mainly controlled by the activity of a N–S oriented normal fault system. In this study, the geometry and the kinematics of the deformation at the tectonic boundary between the Lut and the Tabas blocks, are reconstructed from an integrated anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and structural analysis in the Upper Jurassic Garedu Red Beds Fm., outcropping at the core of a NNE–SSW oriented syncline in the northern Shotori Range. AMS and structural results indicate that the Upper Jurassic Garedu Red Beds Fm. syncline can be defined as a transected fold, where the mismatch between fold hinge and magnetic fabric/cleavage is about 15° counter-clockwise, suggesting that this fold system formed as a consequence of right-lateral transpressional tectonics. Results from this study thus document the evolution of Jurassic normal faults to a transpressional tectonic boundary between the Tabas and Lut crustal blocks sometime between the Lower Cretaceous and Palaeocene.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 10
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    Hyaloclastite fragmentation below the glass transition: An example from El Barronal submarine volcanic complex (Spain) (2014)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-01
    Description: Submarine felsic volcanoes are dominated by hyaloclastic piles hundreds of meters thick, the origin of which, in terms of how and when they form, is far from being completely understood. Here we present a study of the thermal remanent magnetization of the Miocene high-K dacitic El Barronal hyaloclastites (Cabo de Gata, Spain), showing that their formation is dominated by in situ fragmentation with small or negligible transportation and/or rotation of different clasts after their formation. Data indicate that fragmentation progressed down to 210–390 °C, well below the glass-transition temperature estimated at 560–750 °C depending on the water content of the high-K dacite. Hence, hyaloclastite fragmentation in thick lavas may occur over most of the cooling history, as a result of the progressive access of sea water toward the lava interior by development of a complex network of contraction fractures.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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