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Signatur: M 18.91548

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Intro -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- The organization of life on land: biomes -- Mountains as cradles of biodiversity -- Our influence on the future -- Biography -- Biography of Editors -- Glossary -- About the Companion Website -- 1 Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity: an Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What are Mountains? -- 1.3 The Physiography of Mountains and Patterns of Biodiversity -- 1.4 Plate Tectonics, Mountain Building and the Biological (R)evolution -- 1.5 Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity: A Short Overview -- 1.6 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I: Mountains, Relief and Climate -- 2 Simple Concepts Underlying the Structure, Support and Growth of Mountain Ranges, High Plateaus and Other High Terrain -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Support of High Terrain: Isostasy -- 2.3 Plate Tectonics and High Terrain -- 2.4 The Growth of Mountain Ranges and High Plateaus -- 2.5 Destruction of Mountain Ranges and Other High Terrain -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 An Overview of Dynamic Topography: The Influence of Mantle Circulation on Surface Topography and Landscape -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 What is Dynamic Topography? -- 3.3 Residual Topography -- 3.4 Modeling of Mantle Flow -- 3.5 Interaction of Dynamic Topography with the Landscape -- 3.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Mountain Relief, Climate and Surface Processes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Relationships Between Climate, Erosion and Relief: Models and Concepts -- 4.3 Measuring (Changes in) Erosion Rates in Mountain Belts -- 4.4 Reconstructing Relief Change in Mountain Belts -- 4.5 Discussion: Is There a Climatic Control on MountainâBelt Erosion and Relief? -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Dating mountain Building: Exhumation and Surface Uplift -- 5.1 Introduction

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 5.2 Mountain Building -- 5.3 Studying LongâTerm Exhumation with LowâTemperature Thermochronology -- 5.4 Studying ShortâTerm Erosion from Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis -- 5.5 Numeric Modeling of Thermal Histories and Exhumation -- 5.6 Case Study: Merida Andes of Venezuela -- 5.7 Case Study: East African Rift System -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Stable Isotope Paleoaltimetry: Paleotopography as a Key Element in the Evolution of Landscapes and Life -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Precipitation -- 6.3 Paleoaltimetry: Determining Surface Uplift -- 6.4 Modeling Approaches to Determining Stable Isotopes in Precipitation Patterns -- 6.5 Examples of Stable Isotope Paleoaltimetry -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Phytopaleoaltimetry: Using Plant Fossils to Measure Past Land Surface Elevation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Plants and Climate -- 7.3 Lapse Rates and Enthalpy -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Cenozoic Mountain Building and Climate Evolution -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Mountain and Climate Interactions -- 8.3 Paleoaltimetry Approaches -- 8.4 Surface Uplift and Climate Change -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Paleoclimate -- 9.1 Earthâs Climate System: Lessons from the Past -- 9.2 Early Earthâs climates -- 9.3 Hothouse climates of the Mesozoic and Paleogene -- 9.4 The GreenhouseâIcehouse Transition of the Cenozoic -- 9.5 Quaternary Ice Age Cycles and Rapid Climate Change -- 9.6 The Holocene -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: When Biology Meets Mountain Building -- 10 Mountain Geodiversity: Characteristics, Values and Climate Change -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Geodiversity and the Definition of Mountains -- 10.3 Mountain Geodiversity at a Global Scale -- 10.4 Mountain Geodiversity at Regional to Local Scales -- 10.5 Values of Mountain Geodiversity

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 10.6 Mountain Geodiversity and Climate Change -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Geodiversity Mapping in Alpine Areas -- 11.1 Geodiversity Mapping -- 11.2 Geological and Geomorphological Overview of Vorarlberg -- 11.3 IndexâBased Geodiversity Mapping of Vorarlberg -- 11.4 FineâScale Geodiversity: The Au West Case Study -- 11.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Historical Connectivity and Mountain Biodiversity -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Flickering Connectivity System -- 12.3 Components of the FCS -- 12.4 Perspectives on Paleogeographic Reconstructions and Historical Connectivity -- 12.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 The Environmental Heterogeneity of Mountains at a Fine Scale in a Changing World -- 13.1 The Mosaic of Environmental Heterogeneity at a Fine Scale -- 13.2 Drivers of Isolation at a Fine Scale -- 13.3 Adaptation and Diversification at a Fine Scale -- 13.4 Heterogeneous Microhabitats as a Field Laboratory to Study Reactions to Climate Change -- 13.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Mountains, Climate and Mammals -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Mammal Diversity Across Continents -- 14.3 Topographic Diversity Gradients at the Regional Scale -- 14.4 Topographic Diversity Gradients in Deep Time -- 14.5 Mammals that Drive the Topographic Diversity Gradient -- 14.6 Biogeographic Processes in Topographically Complex Regions -- 14.7 Effects of Modern Climate Change on Montane Diversity -- 14.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Inferring Macroevolutionary Dynamics in Mountain Systems from Fossils -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Geological and Evolutionary Dynamics -- 15.3 Case Study: Rodent Diversification in North America -- 15.4 PyRate Analytical Framework -- 15.5 Preservation Rates and Model Selection

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 15.6 Rodent Diversification in Active Montane Regions and Quiescent Plains -- 15.7 Conclusion -- References -- 16 The Interplay between Geological History and Ecology in Mountains -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Overview of Mountain Formation and Resulting Geologic and Climatic Complexity -- 16.3 Geologic and Climatic Factors Influencing Montane Diversity -- 16.4 Case Study: The Northern Andes -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Mountains and the Diversity of Birds -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.3 The Avifauna of Montane Environments -- 17.4 The Effect of Latitude -- 17.5 The Role of Niche Conservatism -- 17.6 How did Species Diversity Build Up in Tropical Mountain Regions? -- 17.7 The Next Challenge: Does Geology also Play a Role? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Teasing Apart Mountain Uplift, Climate Change and Biotic Drivers of Species Diversification -- 18.1 Seeking the Causes of Species Diversification and Extinction -- 18.2 Defining the Abiotic and Biotic Drivers of Diversification: A Real Dichotomy? -- 18.3 Phylogenetic Approaches to Study Diversification -- 18.4 A Unified Framework to Tease Apart the Drivers of Diversification -- 18.5 Case Study: The Andean Radiation of Hummingbirds -- 18.6 Limitations and Perspectives -- 18.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 19 Upland and Lowland Fishes: A Test of the River Capture Hypothesis -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Methods: Developing a River Capture Curve -- 19.3 Results -- 19.4 Discussion -- 19.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 20 Different Ways of Defining Diversity, and How to Apply Them in Montane Systems -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Quantifying Diversity -- 20.3 Documenting Diversity Patterns -- 20.4 Final Notes Related to Diversity in Montane Systems -- References

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 21 A Modeling Framework to Estimate and Project Species Distributions in Space and Time -- 21.1 Species Niches and Their Reciprocal Spatial Distributions -- 21.2 Species Presence Data -- 21.3 Abiotic Spatial Data -- 21.4 Species Distribution Models -- 21.5 Projecting SDMs in Time and Space -- 21.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part III: Mountains and Biota of the World -- 22 Evolution of the Isthmus of Panama: Biological, Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatological Implications -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 A brief History of the Isthmus Landscape Construction -- 22.3 Thermohaline Circulation -- 22.4 Northern Hemisphere Glaciation -- 22.5 The Caribbean Sea -- 22.6 The Great American Biotic Interchange -- 22.7 Unresolved Questions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 The Tepuis of the Guiana Highlands -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Geology -- 23.3 Hydrology -- 23.4 Climate -- 23.5 Guiana Orography -- 23.6 Phytogeographical Provinces in the Guiana Shield -- 23.7 Animal Life in the Pantepui Region -- 23.8 Evolution of the Pantepui Biota -- 23.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 IceâBound Antarctica: Biotic Consequences of the Shift from a Temperate to a Polar Climate -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Early Geological History of Antarctica -- 24.3 Antarctica and Gondwana: the Breakâup of a Supercontinent -- 24.4 Volcanism -- 24.5 How Antarctica Became An Iceâbound Continent -- 24.6 Antarcticaâs Fossil Biota -- 24.7 Antarcticaâs Contemporary Biota -- 24.8 The Role of Volcanism and Montane Ecosystems in Supporting Antarcticaâs Unique Biota -- 24.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 25 The Biogeography, Origin and Characteristics of the Vascular Plant Flora and Vegetation of the New Zealand Mountains -- 25.1 New Zealand Mountain Environments -- 25.2 Origin of the New Zealand Mountain Landscape

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 25.3 Vegetation of the New Zealand Mountains

Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar

Seiten: xxxv, 508 Seiten , Ill.

ISBN: 9781119159889 , 9781119159872 (print)

Klassifikation:

Geologische Wissenschaften

Paralleltitel: Print version Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity

Sprache: Englisch

Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben

Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek