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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1050-4648
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9947
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Description: Genomic instability at simple repeated sequences, termed microsatellite instability (MSI), plays an important role in the analysis of sporadic and hereditary colon cancers. In hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) more than 90% of cases show MSI, whereas only 10–15% of sporadic colorectal cancers do so. Thus, microsatellite analysis is commonly used as the first diagnostic screening test for HNPCC. In 1997, an international collaborative workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) proposed a set of guidelines for MSI-testing to improve reliability and reproducibility of the analysis as well to allow comparisons between different studies and different laboratories. In this review we assess the value of current protocols forMSI-testing and discuss some diagnostic pitfalls. Our findings support continued use of the MSI marker panel recommended in 1997. Additionally, MSI-testing should be improved by use of microdissection, which helps to identify additional patients with MSI due to enrichment of tumor cells and therefore increased sensitivity. In our view, immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair protein expression is not a substitute for MSI-analysis but complements MSI screening and helps direct further testing. In summary, MSI-analysis is a highly sensitive and reliable screening method for HNPCC, that requires a well-equipped laboratory as well as an experienced pathologist. Integration of family history and histo-pathological features is also critical.
    Print ISSN: 0278-0240
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-8630
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Harmful effects caused by the exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) on bivalves are frequently difficult to attribute to one or the other compound group. We evaluate and compare the distinct effects of PSTs extracted from Alexandrium catenella (Alex5) cells and extracellular lytic compounds (LCs) produced by A. tamarense (NX-57-08) on Mytilus edulis hemocytes. We used a 4 h dose–response in vitro approach and analyzed how these effects correlate with those observed in a previous in vivo feeding assay. Both bioactive compounds caused moderated cell death (10–15%), being dose-dependent for PST-exposed hemocytes. PSTs stimulated phagocytic activity at low doses, with a moderate incidence in lysosomal damage (30–50%) at all tested doses. LCs caused a dose-dependent impairment of phagocytic activity (up to 80%) and damage to lysosomal membranes (up to 90%). PSTs and LCs suppressed cellular ROS production and scavenged H2O2 in in vitro assays. Neither PSTs nor LCs affected the mitochondrial membrane potential in hemocytes. In vitro effects of PST extracts on M. edulis hemocytes were consistent with our previous study on in vivo exposure to PST-producing algae, while for LCs, in vivo and in vitro results were not as consistent.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-6651
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-326X
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3363
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-11-01
    Description: Multiple toxic and bioactive compounds produced by Alexandrium spp. cause adverse effects on bivalves, but these effects are frequently difficult to attribute to a single compound class. To disentangle the effect of neurotoxic vs lytic secondary metabolites, we exposed blue mussels to either a paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) producing Alexandrium spp. strain, or to an exclusively lytic compound (LC) producing strain, or a strain containing both compound classes, to evaluate the time dependent effects after 3 and 7 days of feeding. Tested parameters comprised signs of paralysis, feeding activity, and immune cell integrity (hemocyte numbers and viability; lysosomal membrane destabilization) and function (ROS production). Both compound classes caused paralysis and immune impairment. The only effect attributable exclusively to PST was increased phagocytic activity after 3 days and impaired feeding activity after 7 days, which curtailed toxin accumulation in digestive glands. Paralysis signals and lysosomal membrane destabilization were more closely, but not exclusively, matched with LC exposure. Effects on circulating hemocyte integrity and immune related functions were mostly transient or remain stable within 7 days; except for increased lysosomal labialization and decreased extracellular ROS production when mussels were exposed to the toxin combination. M. edulis displays adaptive fitness traits to survive and maintain immune capacity upon prolonged exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PST and/or LC producing Alexandrium strains.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Harmful Algae, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 27, pp. 68-81, ISSN: 1568-9883
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The toxigenic genus Alexandrium includes ∼30 species, but information about its biogeography at a regional scale is limited. In this study, we explored the diversity of Alexandrium along the coast of China by incubating resting cysts collected from 7 sites. A total of 231 strains of Alexandrium belonging to 7 morphospecies were found. Among them, Alexandrium andersonii, Alexandrium fraterculum, Alexandrium leei, Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax, and Alexandrium tamutum were recorded from the China Sea for the first time. Partial large subunit (LSU) and/or internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA) sequences revealed two ribotypes of Alexandrium andersonii, Alexandrium leei, and Alexandrium tamarense: Atama complex Group I and IV. Atama complex Group I was exclusively distributed in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, whereas Group IV was restricted to the East China Sea and South China Sea. Atama complex Group I produced mainly N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/C2, 61–79% of total toxins) and gonyautoxins (GTX1/4, 17–37%). Alexandrium ostenfeldii strain ASBH01 produced NEO and STX exclusively (65% and 35%, respectively). Our results support the premise that Atama complex Group I is endemic to the Asian Pacific and includes cold water species, whereas Atama complex Group IV tends to inhabit warmer waters.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-08-12
    Description: Harmful effects caused by the exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) on bivalves are frequently difficult to attribute to one or the other compound group. We evaluate and compare the distinct effects of PSTs extracted from Alexandrium catenella (Alex5) cells and extracellular lytic compounds (LCs) produced by A. tamarense (NX-57-08) on Mytilus edulis hemocytes. We used a 4 h dose–response in vitro approach and analyzed how these effects correlate with those observed in a previous in vivo feeding assay. Both bioactive compounds caused moderated cell death (10–15%), being dose-dependent for PST-exposed hemocytes. PSTs stimulated phagocytic activity at low doses, with a moderate incidence in lysosomal damage (30–50%) at all tested doses. LCs caused a dose-dependent impairment of phagocytic activity (up to 80%) and damage to lysosomal membranes (up to 90%). PSTs and LCs suppressed cellular ROS production and scavenged H2O2 in in vitro assays. Neither PSTs nor LCs affected the mitochondrial membrane potential in hemocytes. In vitro effects of PST extracts on M. edulis hemocytes were consistent with our previous study on in vivo exposure to PST-producing algae, while for LCs, in vivo and in vitro results were not as consistent.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The aim of the present work was to unravel which environmental drivers govern the dynamics of toxic dinoflagellate abundance as well as their associated paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Weather, biological and physicochemical parameters were investigated weekly over a 7-month period. Both PSTs and PTX2 were detected at low levels, yet they persisted throughout the research. Meanwhile, DSTs were absent. A strong correlation was found between total particulate PST and Gymnodinium catenatum cell abundance, implying that this species was the main producer of this toxin. PTX2 was positively correlated with Dinophysis miles cell abundance. Vertical mixing, tidal elevation and irradiance attenuation were the main environmental factors that regulated both toxins and cell abundances, while nutrients showed only weak correlations. The present study indicates that dinoflagellate toxins form a potential environmental, economic and health risk in this Eastern Indonesian bay.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This dataset was collected during the cruise HE492 (29.07.2017 to 17.08.2017) with RV HEINCKE from Trondheim, Norway to Longyearbyen, Svalbard - Norway. It contains chlorophyll a measurements [µg/L] from water samples collected from dicrete sampling via CTD. In total, 37 stations have been sampled. The obtain chl-a concentrations water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (WhatmannWhatman GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 700 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Arar & Collins, 1997) . Chief Scientist of HE492: Dr. Uwe John, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; ELEVATION; Event label; Fluorescence; Fluorometric measurement, Turner Design TD700, Arar & Collins (1997); HE492; HE492/10-1; HE492/11-1; HE492/13-1; HE492/14-2; HE492/16-1; HE492/17-1; HE492/19-1; HE492/20-1; HE492/2-1; HE492/21-1; HE492/23-1; HE492/24-1; HE492/25-1; HE492/26-1; HE492/27-1; HE492/28-1; HE492/3-1; HE492/5-1; HE492/6-1; HE492/7-1; HE492/9-1; Heincke; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Greenland Sea; North Sea; Norwegian Sea; Station label; Svalbard
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 116 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: This dataset was collected during the cruise HE533 (16.05.2019 to 11.06.2019) with RV HEINCKE from Bremerhaven, Germany to Bremerhaven, Germany. It contains chlorophyll a measurements [µg/L] from water samples collected from dicrete sampling via CTD. In total, 29 stations have been sampled. The obtain chl-a concentrations water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (WhatmannWhatman GF/F) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until extraction in laboratory by 90% acetone method. Concentrations were calculated from fluorescence measured with a pre-calibrated Turner Design TD 700 laboratory fluorometer (EPA445.0, Arar & Collins, 1997) . Chief Scientist of HE533: Dr. Uwe John, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Keywords: Barents Sea; Chlorophyll a; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; ELEVATION; Event label; Fluorescence; Fluorometric measurement, Turner Design TD700, Arar & Collins (1997); HE533; HE533_10-1; HE533_1-1; HE533_11-1; HE533_12-1; HE533_13-1; HE533_14-2; HE533_15-1; HE533_16-1; HE533_17-2; HE533_18-1; HE533_19-2; HE533_20-1; HE533_2-1; HE533_21-1; HE533_22-1; HE533_23-1; HE533_25-1; HE533_26-2; HE533_27-1; HE533_28-1; HE533_3-1; HE533_4-1; HE533_5-2; HE533_6-1; HE533_7-1; HE533_8-1; HE533_9-2; Heincke; ICBM; Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Atlantic/Norwegian Sea; North Sea; Norwegian Sea; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 156 data points
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