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  • 1
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    Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China (2019)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (1878-9080) vol.42 (2019) p.1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pearcultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch’s postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.
    Keywords: Colletotrichum ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 2
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    High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China (2020)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 45, pp. 132-162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a \nwide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely \nunresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including \nP. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot \ncanker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF, CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species \n(including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola, D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, \nD. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, \nD. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D. spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch\xe2\x80\x99s postulates confirmed all \nspecies to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species \nhave a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species involved.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus ; six new taxa ; taxonomy
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Pyrus spp. in China (2019)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 42, pp. 1-35
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a range of economically important hosts. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. To determine the morphology, phylogeny and biology of Colletotrichum species associated with Pyrus plants, a total of 295 samples were collected from cultivated pear species (including P. pyrifolia, P. bretschneideri, and P. communis) from seven major pearcultivation provinces in China. The pear leaves and fruits affected by anthracnose were sampled and subjected to fungus isolation, resulting in a total of 488 Colletotrichum isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on six loci (ACT, TUB2, CAL, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS) coupled with morphology of 90 representative isolates revealed that they belong to 10 known Colletotrichum species, including C. aenigma, C. citricola, C. conoides, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, C. wuxiense, and two novel species, described here as C. jinshuiense and C. pyrifoliae. Of these, C. fructicola was the most dominant, occurring on P. pyrifolia and P. bretschneideri in all surveyed provinces except in Shandong, where C. siamense was dominant. In contrast, only C. siamense and C. fioriniae were isolated from P. communis, with the former being dominant. In order to prove Koch\xe2\x80\x99s postulates, pathogenicity tests on pear leaves and fruits revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the species and isolates, of which C. citricola, C. jinshuiense, C. pyrifoliae, and C. conoides appeared to be organ-specific on either leaves or fruits. This study also represents the first reports of C. citricola, C. conoides, C. karstii, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. wuxiense causing anthracnose on pear.
    Keywords: Colletotrichum ; multi-gene phylogeny ; pathogenicity ; Pyrus
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on nitrogen mineralization in crop-residue-treated soils (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acid rain ; N turnover ; N immobilization ; Soil pH ; Minimum tillage ; N mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This study compares N mineralization in soils treated with crop residues [corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.)] or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at three adjusted soil pH values (4, 6, and 8); pH was adjusted with dilute H2SO4 or KOH. A sample of soil (20 g) was treated with 0.448 g plant material (equivalent to 50t ha−1), mixed with 20 g silica sand adjusted to the pH of the soil, and packed in a leaching tube. The soil-sand mixture was leached with 100 ml 5 mM CaCl2 adjusted to the same pH as that of the treated soil to remove the initial mineral N, and incubated at 30°C. The leaching procedure was repeated every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. Results from three soils showed that N mineralization increased as the soil pH increased. In one soil (Lester soil), significant amounts of NH 4 + -N accumulated at pH 4 during the first 12 weeks. Treatment with corn and soybean residues resulted in a marked reduction in N mineralization, especially at pH 4. The percentage of organic N mineralized from sorghum residue and alfalfa added to soils increased as the soil pH increased; the values ranged from 7.7% to 37.0% for sorghum and from 17.2% to 30.1% for alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation and glycoxidation of protein in diabetes and aging
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 15 (1993), S. 485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0891-5849(93)90239-Q
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of high-T"c superconductor (BiM)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O [M=Pb+Ge, Pb+Sn, Pb, etc.]
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 199 (1992), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4534(92)90419-D
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research on High Speed Ball-End Milling Forces (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 315-316 (July 2006), p. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Based on the experiment of high speed milling ball-end milling forces, the model ofball-end milling force is established for high speed machining complex surface by differentialmethod, and research on the principle of high speed ball-end milling force. Results show that theparameters of cutting layer are subjected to varying curvature of complex surface, and place in theunstable state, cutting force decreases as the curvature and the inclination angle increase. By meansof lessening cutting speed’s grads and adjusting the inclination angle and the path interval of cutterto the variety of curvature, cutting force and its fluctuation can be depressed availably; the processof high speed ball-end milling can be obviously improved
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.315-316.25.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of surfactants and slurrying to enhance the biodegradation in soil of compounds initially dissolved in nonaqueous-phase liquids (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to find means of enhancing the biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds in nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). The effects of surfactants, identity of the NAPL and agitation was investigated. When present in NAPLs, phenanthrene, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and biphenyl were mineralized slowly in soil. Addition of Triton X-100 or Alfonic 810-60 did not enhance the degradation of phenanthrene initially in hexadecane or dibutyl phthalate. Slurrying the soil increased the rate and extent of mineralization of phenanthrene initially in hexadecane but not in dibutyl phthalate. Addition of either of the two surfactants to the slurries did not promote the transformation. Triton X-100, Alfonic 810-60 and Tergitol 15-S-9 below their critical micelle concentrations increased the rate and sometimes the extent of mineralization in soil slurries of phenanthrene initially in 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, but other surfactants were not stimulatory. Slurrying the soil promoted the initial mineralization of DEHP initially in dibutyl phthalate, and Alfonic 810-60 and Triton X-100 further stimulated the rate and extent of degradation in the slurries. Alfonic 810-60 increased the extent of mineralization in slurries of biphenyl in hexadecane but not in dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexane, kerosene or two oils. Little mineralization of biphenyl or DEHP initially in dibutyl phthalate occurred in soil slurries, but Tween 80, Tergitol 15-S-40 and Tergitol 15-S-9 increased the extent of mineralization. However, vigorous agitation of the slurries of soil acclimated to DEHP or the use of small volumes of the NAPL resulted in marked enhancement of the degradation. Thus, biodegradation of constituents of NAPLs in soil can be increased by the use of some surfactants, slurrying or intense agitation, but the effect will vary with the NAPL and the constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of surfactants and slurrying to enhance the biodegradation in soil of compounds initially dissolved in nonaqueous-phase liquids (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A study was conducted to find means of enhancing the biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds in nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs). The effects of surfactants, identity of the NAPL and agitation was investigated. When present in NAPLs, phenanthrene, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and biphenyl were mineralized slowly in soil. Addition of Triton X-100 or Alfonic 810-60 did not enhance the degradation of phenanthrene initially in hexadecane or dibutyl phthalate. Slurrying the soil increased the rate and extent of mineralization of phenanthrene initially in hexadecane but not in dibutyl phthalate. Addition of either of the two surfactants to the slurries did not promote the transformation. Triton X-100, Alfonic 810-60 and Tergitol 15-S-9 below their critical micelle concentrations increased the rate and sometimes the extent of mineralization in soil slurries of phenanthrene initially in 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8-heptamethylnonane, but other surfactants were not stimulatory. Slurrying the soil promoted the initial mineralization of DEHP initially in dibutyl phthalate, and Alfonic 810-60 and Triton X-100 further stimulated the rate and extent of degradation in the slurries. Alfonic 810-60 increased the extent of mineralization in slurries of biphenyl in hexadecane but not in dibutyl phthalate, cyclohexane, kerosene or two oils. Little mineralization of biphenyl or DEHP initially in dibutyl phthalate occurred in soil slurries, but Tween 80, Tergitol 15-S-40 and Tergitol 15-S-9 increased the extent of mineralization. However, vigorous agitation of the slurries of soil acclimated to DEHP or the use of small volumes of the NAPL resulted in marked enhancement of the degradation. Thus, biodegradation of constituents of NAPLs in soil can be increased by the use of some surfactants, slurrying or intense agitation, but the effect will vary with the NAPL and the constituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050450
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoothed perturbation analysis for queues with finite buffers (1993)
    Springer
    Queueing systems 14 (1993), S. 57-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: Perturbation analysis ; sample path analysis ; finite buffer queues ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Applying the technique of smoothed perturbation analysis (SPA) to theGI/G/1/K queue, we derive gradient estimators for two performance measures: the mean steady-state system time of a served customer and the probability that an arriving customer is rejected. Unbiasedness of the estimators follows from results of a previous general framework on SPA estimators. However, in that framework, the estimators often require the simulation of numerous additional sample subpaths, possibly making the technique practically infeasible in applications. We exploit some of the special structure of theGI/G/1/K queue to come up with an estimator which requires at most the simulation of a single additional sample subpath. By establishing certain regenerative properties, we provide a strong consistency proof for the estimator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153526
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