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  • 1
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    Cosmological constraints from weak lensing peak statistics with Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 Survey (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: We derived constraints on cosmological parameters using weak lensing peak statistics measured on the ~ 130 deg 2 of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 Survey. This analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using peak statistics in cosmological studies. For our measurements, we considered peaks with signal-to-noise ratio in the range of = [3, 6]. For a flat cold dark matter model with only ( m , 8 ) as free parameters, we constrained the parameters of the following relation 8 = 8 ( m /0.27) α to be 8 = 0.82 ± 0.03 and α = 0.43 ± 0.02. The α value found is considerably smaller than the one measured in two-point and three-point cosmic shear correlation analyses, showing a significant complement of peak statistics to standard weak lensing cosmological studies. The derived constraints on ( m , 8 ) are fully consistent with the ones from either WMAP 9 or Planck . From the weak lensing peak abundances alone, we obtained marginalized mean values of $\Omega _{\rm m}=0.38^{+0.27}_{-0.24}$ and 8 = 0.81 ± 0.26. Finally, we also explored the potential of using weak lensing peak statistics to constrain the mass–concentration relation of dark matter haloes simultaneously with cosmological parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Simulated responses of terrestrial aridity to black carbon and sulfate aerosols (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Description: Aridity Index (AI), defined as the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (PET), is a measure of the dryness of terrestrial climate. Global climate models generally project future decreases of AI (drying) associated with global warming scenarios driven by increasing greenhouse gas and declining aerosols. Given their different effects in the climate system, scattering and absorbing aerosols may affect AI differently. Here we explore the terrestrial aridity responses to anthropogenic black carbon (BC) and sulfate (SO 4 ) aerosols with Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations. Positive BC radiative forcing decreases precipitation averaged over global land at a rate of 0.9% per °C of global mean surface temperature (SAT) increase (moderate drying) while BC radiative forcing increases PET by 1.0%/°C (also drying). BC leads to a global decrease of 1.9%/°C in AI (drying). SO 4 forcing is negative, and causes precipitation a decrease at a rate of 6.7% per °C cooling (strong drying). PET also decreases in response to SO 4 aerosol cooling by 6.3% per °C cooling (contributing to moistening). Thus SO 4 cooling leads to a small decrease in AI (drying) by 0.4% per °C cooling. Despite the opposite effects on global mean temperature, BC and SO 4 both contribute to the 20th century drying (AI decrease). Sensitivity test indicate that surface temperature and surface available energy changes dominate BC and SO 4 -induced PET change.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Changes in various branches of the Brewer–Dobson circulation from an ensemble of chemistry climate models (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-17
    Description: [1]  We analyzed the changes of simulated Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) for 1960–2099 from 12 chemistry climate models participating the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation activity phase 2 (CCMVal-2). We decomposed the BDC into transition, shallow, and deep branches with vertical extent of 100–70, 70–30, and above 30 hPa, respectively. Models consistently simulate the acceleration in all three BDC branches over 140 years, but the acceleration rate of the deep branches is much smaller. The acceleration rate of the transition and shallow branches in general shows weak seasonal or hemispheric dependence and increases with time, consistent with the continuous and homogeneous increase of greenhouse gas concentrations. The trend magnitudes of shallow and transition branches differ from model to model, which are found to be associated with the simulated changes in subtropical jets and tropical upper tropospheric temperature. The acceleration of the deep branch is also a response to the increase of greenhouse gas concentrations but is modulated by the changes in ozone concentrations. The effect of ozone changes is particularly prominent in the southern deep branch during austral summer: almost all models simulated strong significant acceleration during the ozone depletion era, weak deceleration during the ozone recovery era, and near-zero trends during the stable ozone era. However, the ozone effect is less evident in other seasons and in other branches.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Observational evidence of strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation since 1980 (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-22
    Description: The change of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) over the period of 1980-2009 is examined through a combined analysis of satellite Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU/AMSU) lower-stratospheric temperatures ( T LS ), ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and observed estimates of changes in ozone, water vapor, well-mixed greenhouse gases, and stratospheric aerosols. The MSU/AMSU-observed tropical T LS trend is first empirically separated into a dynamic component associated with the BDC changes and a radiative component due to the atmospheric composition changes. The derived change in the dynamic component suggests that the annual mean BDC has accelerated in the last thirty years (at the 90% confidence interval), with most of the change coming from the Southern Hemisphere. The annual mean Northern Hemisphere contribution to the acceleration is not statistically significant. The radiative component of tropical T LS trends is independently checked using observed changes in stratospheric composition. It is shown that the changes in ozone, stratospheric aerosols, well-mixed greenhouse gases, and water vapor make important contributions to the radiative component of tropical T LS trends. Despite large uncertainties in lower-stratospheric cooling associated with uncertainties in observed ozone and water vapor changes, this derived radiative component agrees with the empirically-inferred radiative component, both in terms of its average value and small seasonal dependence. By establishing a relationship between tropical residual vertical velocity at 70 hPa and T LS , we show that the relative strengthening of the annual mean BDC is about 2.1% per decade for 1980-2009, supporting the results from state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model simulations.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Detection of m/q = 2 pickup ions in the plasma environment of the Moon: The trace of exospheric H2+ (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-16
    Description: The Solar Wind Ion Detectors (SWIDs) on the Chang'E-1 spacecraft, while orbiting the Moon, occasionally observed two continuous flux peaks with energies not exceeding 8 and 4 times that of the prevailing solar wind proton energy. These form parallel curves (PCs) with an energy ratio of 2 in the energy-time spectrogram. The fluxes of the two curves are comparable, around 10−5 ∼ 10− 4 of the solar wind flux. The pitch angle distribution of PC particles is concentrated around 90°. The velocity space distribution of PC particles shows distinct double-ring feature, suggesting the existence of a pickup ion species with m/q = 2. Pickup ions from local interstellar medium, the inner sources and the lunar exosphere are investigated. We conclude that this observation may be the first in situ evidence for H2+ ions in the lunar exosphere, thus providing new insights on the evolution and fate of solar wind hydrogen in the solar system.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Large-scale ruminant genome sequencing provides insights into their evolution and distinct traits (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The ruminants are one of the most successful mammalian lineages, exhibiting morphological and habitat diversity and containing several key livestock species. To better understand their evolution, we generated and analyzed de novo assembled genomes of 44 ruminant species, representing all six Ruminantia families. We used these genomes to create a time-calibrated phylogeny to resolve topological controversies, overcoming the challenges of incomplete lineage sorting. Population dynamic analyses show that population declines commenced between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago, which is concomitant with expansion in human populations. We also reveal genes and regulatory elements that possibly contribute to the evolution of the digestive system, cranial appendages, immune system, metabolism, body size, cursorial locomotion, and dentition of the ruminants.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Hemispheric asymmetry of tropical expansion under CO2 forcing (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The degree of Hadley cell expansion under global warming will have a substantial impact on changing rainfall patterns. Most previous studies have quantified changes in total tropical width, focused on the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell or considered each hemisphere's response to a multitude of anthropogenic forcings. It is shown here that under exclusive CO2 forcing, climate models predict twice as much Hadley cell expansion in the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Northern Hemisphere. This asymmetry is present in the annual‐mean expansion and all seasons except boreal autumn. It is robust across models and Hadley cell edge definitions. It is surprising since asymmetries in simulated Hadley cell expansion are typically attributed to stratospheric ozone depletion or aerosol emission. Its primary cause is smaller sensitivity of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley cell to static stability changes. The pattern of sea surface warming and the CO2 direct radiative effect also contribute to the asymmetry.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    The AKT1/NF-kappaB/Notch1/PTEN axis has an important role in chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-11
    Description: The AKT1/NF-kappaB/Notch1/PTEN axis has an important role in chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells Cell Death and Disease 4, e847 (October 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.375 Authors: W Zhou, X-Q Fu, L-L Zhang, J Zhang, X Huang, X-H Lu, L Shen, B-N Liu, J Liu, H-S Luo, J-P Yu & H-G Yu
    Keywords: AKT1NF-kappaBNotch-1PTENgastric cancer
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Shortwave radiative closure experiment and direct forcing of dust aerosol over northwestern China (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-20
    Description: Modeled and observed solar diffuse fluxes at the surface usually have unacceptably large discrepancies. It is necessary to address and resolve these discrepancies in order to accurately calculate a reliable aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). We present and compare two methods of deriving dust aerosol optical properties from the MFRSR (Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer) observations and the AERONET products. The single-scattering albedo (SSA) values from MFRSR are found to be 10% less than those from the AERONET. This difference is mainly due to the different imaginary part of refractive index retrieved by the MFRSR compared to AERONET. These two sets of dust aerosol optical properties are used in the SBDART model to simulate the shortwave fluxes that are compared with the surface observations to perform the radiative closure experiment. The diffuse simulations using the AERONET-derived aerosol SSA may have significant discrepancies compared with the observed diffuse irradiances. The DRFs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) simulated with the MFRSR-derived aerosol optical properties are positive while the DRFs with the AERONET are negative. The sign of the DRFs at the surface and in the atmosphere using the MFRSR is the same as those using the AERONET while the magnitudes from the MFRSR are much larger. It indicates that dust aerosols with higher absorption as derived from the MFRSR heat the aerosol layer but cool the surface much more than those based on the AERONET, which may have an important impact on the boundary layer processes.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Modeling Analysis and Improvement of Power Loss in Microgrid (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-20
    Description: The consumption of conventional energy sources and environmental concerns have resulted in rapid growth in the amount of renewable energy introduced to power systems. With the help of distributed generations (DG), the improvement of power loss and voltage profile can be the salient benefits. However, studies show that improper placement and size of energy storage system (ESS) lead to undesired power loss and the risk of voltage stability, especially in the case of high renewable energy penetration. To solve the problem, this paper sets up a microgrid based on IEEE 34-bus distribution system which consists of wind power generation system, photovoltaic generation system, diesel generation system, and energy storage system associated with various types of load. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in the paper to minimize the power loss and improve the system voltage profiles by optimally managing the different sorts of distributed generations under consideration of the worst condition of renewable energy production. The established IEEE 34-bus system is adopted to perform case studies. The detailed simulation results for each case clearly demonstrate the necessity of optimal management of the system operation and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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