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  • 1
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of biodiversity through geological time provides important information for the understanding of diversity patterns at the present day. Hitherto, much effort has been paid to studying the mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic but the research emphasis has now changed to focus on what occurred between these spectacular catastrophic events. After the Cambrian ‘explosion’ of marine organisms with readily preservable skeletons, there have been two intervals when life radiated dramatically — the Ordovician Period, and the mid-Mesozoic-Cenozoic eras. These intervals saw a fundamental reorganization of biodiversity on a hierarchy of biogeographical scales. The size of these diversity increases and their probable causes are topics of intense debate, and there is an intriguing link between the dispersal of continents, changing climates and the proliferation of life. The papers in this volume are written by palaeontologists, biogeographers and geologists addressing the highly topical field of palaeobiodiversity in the context of the Earth’s changing geography. Palaeobiogeography and Biodiversity Change: the Ordovician and Mesozoic-Cenozoic Radiations illustrates many aspects of the two great episodes of biotic radiation and shows how long periods of time and plate tectonic movements have a fundamental influence on the generation and maintenance of major extant biodiversity patterns. The volume will be of interest to professional palaeontologists, biologists and geologists, as well as to students in earth and biological sciences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VI, 206 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862391068
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: river system ; reservoirs ; geological timescale ; fluvial system ; deposits
    Description / Table of Contents: The geoengineering approach to the study of rivers and reservoirs / Patrick W. M. Corbett, Amanda Owen, Adrian J. Hartley, Sila Pla-Pueyo, Daniel Barreto, Chris Hackney and Stephanie J. Kape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 1-13, 24 September 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2018-98 --- Organization and reorganization of drainage and sediment routing through time: the Mississippi River system / Mike Blum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 15-45, 30 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2018-166 --- Eocene–Recent drainage evolution of the Colorado River and its precursor: an integrated provenance perspective from SW California / Uisdean Nicholson, Andrew Carter, Paula Robinson and David I. M. Macdonald / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 47-72, 31 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2019-272 --- Towards the multi-scale characterization of braided fluvial geobodies from outcrop, core, ground-penetrating radar and well log data / Luis Miguel Yeste, Saturnina Henares, Neil McDougall, Fernando García-García and César Viseras / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 73-95, 28 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.3 --- Spatial variations in distributive fluvial system architecture of the Upper Cretaceous Marília Formation, SE Brazil / Patrick Führ Dal’ Bó, Marcus Vinícius Theodoro Soares, Giorgio Basilici, Amanda Goulart Rodrigues and Mauricius Nascimento Menezes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 97-118, 28 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.6 --- Architectural and facies characterization of the Aptian fluvial Barbalha Formation, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil / Gelson Luís Fambrini, Diego da Cunha Silvestre, José Acioli Bezerra de Menezes-Filho, Ian Cavalcanti da Costa and Virgínio Henrique de Miranda Lopes Neumann / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 119-150, 23 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2017-275 --- Describing fluvial systems: linking processes to deposits and stratigraphy / Jim Best and Christopher R. Fielding / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 152-166, 15 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2019-056 --- Natural and anthropogenic influences on the Nhecolândia wetlands, SE Pantanal, Brazil / Emiliano Castro de Oliveira, Sila Pla-Pueyo and Christopher R. Hackney / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 167-180, 10 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.5 --- Sedimentology, architecture and depositional setting of the fluvial Spireslack Sandstone of the Midland Valley, Scotland: insights from the Spireslack surface coal mine / R. Ellen, M. A. E. Browne, A. J. Mitten, S. M. Clarke, A. G. Leslie and E. Callaghan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 181-204, 21 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.2 --- Stochastic modelling of flow sequences for improved prediction of fluvial flood hazards / Sandhya Patidar, Deonie Allen, Rick Haynes and Heather Haynes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 205-219, 18 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.4 --- Can machine learning reveal sedimentological patterns in river deposits? / Vasily Demyanov, Arnold Jan H. Reesink and Daniel Peter Arnold / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 221-235, 19 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2018-84 --- Understanding subsurface fluvial architecture from a combination of geological well test models and well test data / Patrick William Michael Corbett and Gleyden Lucila Benítez Duarte / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 237-257, 14 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.7 --- Climate change, water-related disasters, flood control and rainfall forecasting: a case study of the São Francisco River, Brazil / Julio Issao Kuwajima, Fernando Mainardi Fan, Dirk Schwanenberg, Alberto Assis Dos Reis, André Niemann and Frederico Fábio Mauad / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 259-276, 9 April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488-2018-128 --- Effect of dynamically varying zone-based hedging policies on the operational performance of surface water reservoirs during climate change / Adebayo J. Adeloye and Bankaru-Swamy Soundharajan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 488, 277-289, 17 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP488.1
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 295 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781786204318
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Nucleic acids ; Plant breeding ; Biology ; Technique ; Life Sciences ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Biological Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Health and Safety Considerations --- Sample Collection and Storage --- Low-Cost DNA Extraction --- PCR Amplification for Low-Cost Mutation Discovery --- Enzymatic Mismatch Cleavage and Agarose Gel Evaluation of Samples --- Alternative Enzymology for Mismatch Cleavage for TILLING and Ecotilling: Extraction of Enzymes form Common Weedy Plants --- Example Data --- Conclusions.  
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 35 pages) , 9 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319162591
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Biological Techniques; Nucleic Acid Chemistry
    Keywords: Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Biological Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TC Biochemical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-12-02
    Description: Methane has the second-largest global radiative forcing impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gases after carbon dioxide, but our understanding of the global atmospheric methane budget is incomplete. The global fossil fuel industry (production and usage of natural gas, oil and coal) is thought to contribute 15 to 22 per cent of methane emissions to the total atmospheric methane budget. However, questions remain regarding methane emission trends as a result of fossil fuel industrial activity and the contribution to total methane emissions of sources from the fossil fuel industry and from natural geological seepage, which are often co-located. Here we re-evaluate the global methane budget and the contribution of the fossil fuel industry to methane emissions based on long-term global methane and methane carbon isotope records. We compile the largest isotopic methane source signature database so far, including fossil fuel, microbial and biomass-burning methane emission sources. We find that total fossil fuel methane emissions (fossil fuel industry plus natural geological seepage) are not increasing over time, but are 60 to 110 per cent greater than current estimates owing to large revisions in isotope source signatures. We show that this is consistent with the observed global latitudinal methane gradient. After accounting for natural geological methane seepage, we find that methane emissions from natural gas, oil and coal production and their usage are 20 to 60 per cent greater than inventories. Our findings imply a greater potential for the fossil fuel industry to mitigate anthropogenic climate forcing, but we also find that methane emissions from natural gas as a fraction of production have declined from approximately 8 per cent to approximately 2 per cent over the past three decades.
    Description: Published
    Description: 88-91
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-01-18
    Description: The accelerated increase in global methane (CH4) in the atmosphere, accompanied by a decrease in its 13C/12C isotopic ratio (δ13CCH4) from -47.1‰ to -47.3‰ observed since 2008, has been attributed to increased emissions from wetlands and cattle, as well as from shale gas and shale oil developments. To date both explanations have relied on poorly constrained δ13CCH4 source signatures. We use a dataset of δ13CCH4 from 〉1600 produced shale gas samples from regions that account for 〉97% of global shale gas production to constrain the contribution of shale gas emissions to observed atmospheric increases in the global methane burden. We find that US shale gas extracted since 2008 has volume-weighted-average δ13CCH4 of -39.6‰. The average δ13CCH4 weighted by US basin-level measured emissions in 2015 was -41.8‰. Therefore, emission increases from shale gas would contribute to an opposite atmospheric δ13CCH4 signal in the observed decrease since 2008 (while noting that the global isotopic trend is the net of all dynamic source and sink processes). This observation strongly suggests that changing emissions of other (isotopically-lighter) CH4 source terms is dominating the increase in global CH4 emissions. Although production of shale gas has increased rapidly since 2008, and CH4 emissions associated with this increased production are expected to have increased overall in that timeframe, the simultaneously-observed increase in global atmospheric CH4 is not dominated by emissions from shale gas and shale oil developments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4199
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: The concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4) has more than doubled over the industrial era. To help constrain global and regional CH4 budgets, inverse (top-down) models incorporate data on the concentration and stable carbon (d13C) and hydrogen (d2H) isotopic ratios of atmospheric CH4. These models depend on accurate d13C and d2H end-member source signatures for each of the main emissions categories. Compared with meticulous measurement and calibration of isotopic CH4 in the atmosphere, there has been relatively less effort to characterize globally representative isotopic source signatures, particularly for fossil fuel sources. Most global CH4 budget models have so far relied on outdated source signature values derived from globally nonrepresentative data. To correct this deficiency, we present a comprehensive, globally representative end-member database of the d13C and d2H of CH4 from fossil fuel (conventional natural gas, shale gas, and coal), modern microbial (wetlands, rice paddies, ruminants, termites, and landfills and/or waste) and biomass burning sources. Gas molecular compositional data for fossil fuel categories are also included with the database. The database comprises 10 706 samples (8734 fossil fuel, 1972 non-fossil) from 190 published references. Mean (unweighted) d13C signatures for fossil fuel CH4 are significantly lighter than values commonly used in CH4 budget models, thus highlighting potential underestimation of fossil fuel CH4 emissions in previous CH4 budget models. This living database will be updated every 2–3 years to provide the atmospheric modeling community with the most complete CH4 source signature data possible.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-02-07
    Description: We study the drivers behind the global atmospheric methane (CH4) increase observed after 2006. Candidate emission and sink scenarios are constructed based on proposed hypotheses in the literature. These scenarios are simulated in the TM5 tracer transport model for 1984-2016 to produce three-dimensional fields of CH4 and δ 13C-CH4, which are compared with observations to test the competing hypotheses in the literature in one common model framework. We find that the fossil fuel (FF) CH4 emission trend from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research 4.3.2 inventory does not agree with observed δ 13C-CH4. Increased FF CH4 emissions are unlikely to be the dominant driver for the post-2006 global CH4 increase despite the possibility for a small FF emission increase. We also find that a significant decrease in the abundance of hydroxyl radicals (OH) cannot explain the post-2006 global CH4 increase since it does not track the observed decrease in global mean δ 13C-CH4. Different CH4 sinks have different fractionation factors for δ 13C-CH4, thus we can investigate the uncertainty introduced by the reaction of CH4 with tropospheric chlorine (Cl), a CH4 sink whose abundance, spatial distribution, and temporal changes remain uncertain. Our results show that including or excluding tropospheric Cl as a 13 Tg/year CH4 sink in our model changes the magnitude of estimated fossil emissions by ∼20%. We also found that by using different wetland emissions based on a static versus a dynamic wetland area map, the partitioning between FF and microbial sources differs by 20 Tg/year, ∼12% of estimated fossil emissions.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021GB007000
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: atmospheric methane; atmospheric modeling; greenhouse gas; methane budget; source attribution; stable isotope of methane
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 18 (1970), S. 1178-1178 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 70 (1948), S. 2763-2765 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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